Evaluating the Efficacy of Combining Xalnesiran with Ruzotolimod, and Peginterferon Alfa-2a in Treating Hepatitis B
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 15th, 2025
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Treating breast cancer can be challenging because different subtypes of the disease exhibit varying susceptibilities and prognoses. Triple-negative breast cancer is characterized by tumor cells that do not express estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, or the human epidermal growth factor receptor. The lack of these therapeutic targets makes treating this subtype particularly difficult. Pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, works by blocking the tumor's ability to evade the immune system. The medication was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2020 for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer after promising preliminary results. Recently, the study published its comprehensive findings in the New England Journal of Medicine.
The clinical study included 1,174 participants diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer based on the criteria set by the American Society of Clinical Oncology. All patients received the standard platinum-based chemotherapy regimen, which consisted of 80 mg of paclitaxel per square meter of body surface area every week and 1.5 mg of carboplatin every week for the first 12 weeks. Some patients were randomly assigned to receive either pembrolizumab or a placebo. Pembrolizumab was administered at a dose of 300 mg every 3 weeks for 4 cycles before chemotherapy and for an additional 4 cycles alongside the standard treatment. All participants also received either cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin or epirubicin. The researchers concluded that adding pembrolizumab to the standard platinum-based chemotherapy regimen significantly improved survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of 86.6%, compared to 81.7% for those treated with the standard regimen alone. Additionally, pembrolizumab treatment reduced the risk of disease progression and recurrence. Subgroup analysis indicated that pembrolizumab was particularly effective in reducing mortality in patients with tumors smaller than 5 cm.
The clinical study included 1,174 participants diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer based on the criteria set by the American Society of Clinical Oncology. All patients received the standard platinum-based chemotherapy regimen, which consisted of 80 mg of paclitaxel per square meter of body surface area every week and 1.5 mg of carboplatin every week for the first 12 weeks. Some patients were randomly assigned to receive either pembrolizumab or a placebo. Pembrolizumab was administered at a dose of 300 mg every 3 weeks for 4 cycles before chemotherapy and for an additional 4 cycles alongside the standard treatment. All participants also received either cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin or epirubicin. The researchers concluded that adding pembrolizumab to the standard platinum-based chemotherapy regimen significantly improved survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of 86.6%, compared to 81.7% for those treated with the standard regimen alone. Additionally, pembrolizumab treatment reduced the risk of disease progression and recurrence. Subgroup analysis indicated that pembrolizumab was particularly effective in reducing mortality in patients with tumors smaller than 5 cm.