Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Usage during Infancy and the Risk of Eczema and Bronchiolitis
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on April 1st, 2026
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Eczema and bronchiolitis are common atopic conditions that have become more prevalent in developing countries, which have imposed a significant public health burden to these nations. A couple of previous observational studies had found that usage of paracetamol during infancy can increase the risk of eczema and other atopic disease. However, these studies are less concrete due to their design, so a randomized control study was conducted to better understand the risk of eczema in infants who were treated with paracetamol.
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Pregnancy Complications and Long-Term Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in Offspring
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 9th, 2026
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Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease with neurological symptoms caused by the immune attack on myelin sheath insulating neurons. It is known that adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, etc. can alter immune development. Following this logic, a study was conducted to explore the effect of abnormalities during pregnancy on the risk of developing multiple sclerosis later in life.
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Treating Episodic Migraine in Children and Adolescents with Fremanezumab
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 4th, 2026
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Recent epidemiological studies have found that 1 in 10 children and adolescents experience episodic migraine. This disorder detrimentally impacted the life and wellbeing of the affected children. Current treatment for children had limited efficacy and severe side effects; thus, a study was conducted, with funding from Teva Pharmaceuticals, to assess the usage of fremanezumab, an approved medication for adults, to manage migraine in children.
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Using Permethrin-Treated Cloths for Baby Wrap to Prevent Malaria
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 29th, 2025
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Despite recent progress in malaria management, the disease still imposes a significant burden especially in children living in underdeveloped nations. Factors such as insecticide resistance and change in mosquito biting habit had kept transmission persistent. With funding from Doris Duke Foundation, a study was conducted to investigate the usage of permethrin-treated cloths to prevent malaria in infants.
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention with Clesrovimab
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 24th, 2025
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Respiratory syncytial virus infection is the leading cause of infant hospitalization, with the disease severity highest for infants below 6 months old. Many studies had found monoclonal antibodies such as nirsevimab and palivizumab to be an effective preventive measure for RSV infection in infants. With funding from Merck, a study was conducted to investigate the usage of clesrovimab to prevent RSV infection in young children.
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Compare Oral to Intravenous Rehydration for Severedly Malnourished Children in Resource Limited Settings
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 20th, 2025
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For children hospitalized with severe malnutrition, rehydration therapy is often indicated. Oral rehydration is traditionally preferred over intravenous administration due to concerns that malnourished children may have compromised cardiac function, which could be further stressed by fluid overload. However, this recommendation is based on limited evidence from decades-old studies. To address this knowledge gap, the Joint Global Health Trials organization funded a study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intravenous rehydration in children with severe malnutrition.
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Evaluating Ziresovir for the Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Infants
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 24th, 2025
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalization in infants and young children. Current recommendations advise vaccinating children born during, or about to enter, their first RSV season. However, vaccination is not always feasible, highlighting the need for effective antiviral therapies. To address this gap, a study funded by Shanghai Ark Biopharmaceutical investigated the use of ziresovir in treating RSV infection in young children.
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Nirsevimab Provides Extended Protection Against RSV-Associated Hospitalization in Infants
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 15th, 2025
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Nirsevimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the F protein used by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to enter host cells. Earlier studies demonstrated its effectiveness in preventing hospitalization among children, but with a half-life of 71 days, it remained unclear whether protection would extend across the typical four-month RSV season. To address this question, Sanofi and AstraZeneca sponsored a study evaluating the long-term protective effect of nirsevimab.
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Examines Darbepoetin for Neurodevelopment in Preterm Infants
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 10th, 2025
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Preterm infants face a markedly higher risk of neurodevelopmental complications. Previous research has suggested that stimulating red blood cell production with erythropoietin may have neuroprotective effects. To further investigate this potential, a study recently published in the Journal of American Medical Association evaluated whether darbepoetin could improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.
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Comparing the Effectiveness between Donor and Formula Milk for Preterm Infants
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 27th, 2025
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Maternal milk is the most valuable nutrient source for young children; however, preterm infants had difficulty with breastfeeding. Additionally, mothers who gave birth preterm may have problems with milk production. Thus, alternative methods must be utilized until maternal milk can be delivered. With funding from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, a study was conducted to compare the usage of formula milk and donor milk in preterm infants.
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Mass Administration of Ivermectin to Control the Spread of Malaria
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 18th, 2025
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Malaria is a widespread mosquito-borne disease that can be effectively controlled with insecticide and the usage of bed nets. However, insecticide resistance and behavior adaptation of the vector can pose significant challenges to the current public health intervention. With funding from the international organization UNITAID, a study was conducted to assess the usage of ivermectin to prevent malaria transmission.
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Post-Discharge Ondansetron for Children with Gastroenteritis
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 8th, 2025
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Ondansetron is a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist that is frequently used to suppress nausea in children hospitalized due to acute gastroenteritis. The value of post-discharged ondansetron usage is unclear. As a result, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research funded a study to evaluate the effect of after-discharged benefit of ondansetron.
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Assessing the Risk of Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events with Montelukast Usage in Children & Adolescents
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on July 16th, 2025
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Montelukast is widely used to manage asthma and allergic rhinitis in children and adolescents. However, recent surveillance data had found an association between montelukast usage and the frequency of neuropsychiatric adverse events. Yet, the mechanism behind this effect is not well understood, but it is hypothesized that the agent can interfere with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. With funding from the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association, a study was conducted to assess the potential neuropsychiatric side effect of montelukast.
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Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole Fails to Prevent Adverse Birth Outcomes in Zimbabwean Trial
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on July 2nd, 2025
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Adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight, continue to pose a major public health challenge in many low-resource settings. Maternal inflammation and infections—including bacteriuria and syphilis—have been linked to higher risks of these outcomes. Based on this association, researchers conducted a study funded by the Wellcome Trust to evaluate whether prophylactic use of trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole could reduce these risks during pregnancy.
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Sofosbuvir-Based Therapies for Children With Hepatitis C
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 18th, 2025
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Hepatitis C treatments that are effective in adults—such as pegylated interferon and ribavirin—have been associated with developmental complications in pediatric populations. Although the World Health Organization recommends the use antiviral, the long-term safety of these therapies in children remains uncertain. To address this gap, a study funded by Gilead Sciences was conducted to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir in children.
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Nirsevimab Demonstrates Durable Efficacy in Preventing RSV-Related Hospitalizations in Children
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 16th, 2025
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. Nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody that targets the RSV F protein to block viral fusion, has previously shown promise in preventing infection. A recent study funded by AstraZeneca and Sanofi has now reported on the long-term protective effects of nirsevimab.
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Positive Results for Brexpiprazole in Youth Schizophrenia
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 6th, 2025
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Schizophrenia in children often presents with more severe symptoms and a poorer prognosis compared to adults. While there are effective antipsychotic treatments available for children and adolescents, these agents tend to carry higher risks in younger patients. Recent studies have suggested that beyond dopamine, other monoamine neurotransmitters—such as norepinephrine and serotonin—also contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. With funding from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, a study was conducted to evaluate the use of brexpiprazole in managing pediatric schizophrenia.
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Assessing the Impact of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination on Early Childhood Development
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 26th, 2025
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Currently, there is limited agreement on how maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts early childhood development. Similarly, the effect of maternal COVID-19 vaccination on a child's early development remains unclear. To address these gaps in understanding, the United Kingdom’s Economic and Social Research Council sponsored a population-level study to evaluate the impact of both maternal infection and COVID-19 vaccination on early childhood development.
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Long-term Management of Childhood Obesity with Liraglutide
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 10th, 2025
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Over the past few decades, Vietnam has seen a significant rise in childhood obesity. This trend is especially worrisome because childhood obesity greatly elevates the likelihood of developing lifelong complications such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In response to this concern, Novo Nordisk sponsored a study examining the use of liraglutide—a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist—for weight management in young children.
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Evaluating the Use of Levofloxacin to Prevent MDR Tuberculosis Transmission in Children
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 29th, 2025
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Young children under the age of 5 are particularly vulnerable to developing symptomatic diseases following exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, managing the infection becomes significantly more expensive and complex. The current approach to controlling the spread of MDR tuberculosis in young children involves household contact tracing from individuals recently diagnosed with the infection. A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine explored the use of levofloxacin to prevent the transmission of MDR bacteria in young children.
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Comparing the Effectiveness of Reduced-Dose Pneumococcal Vaccination Schedules in Vietnam
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 10th, 2025
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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common pathogen responsible for upper respiratory tract infections in young children. The infection can be prevented through vaccination, with the standard regimen consisting of 3 primary doses during early infancy or 2 primary doses within the first 6 months, followed by a booster after 9 months of age. While both vaccination schedules have proven effective, they can be costly, making it difficult for resource-limited countries to implement nationwide vaccination programs. To address this, a study funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a reduced-dose vaccination program with the standard 3-dose schedule.
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Assessment of Ziresovir as a Treatment for RSV Infection in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 6th, 2024
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Currently, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can be effectively treated with monoclonal antibodies such as palivizumab and nirsevimab. However, young children who are contraindicated for antibodies, ribavirin is the only treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Another possible alternative is ziresovir, an antiviral that can bind to and inhibit the F protein of RSV. Thus, Shanghai Ark Biopharmaceutical had sponsored a study to assess the efficacy of ziresovir in treating RSV infection in pediatric patients.
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Comparative Efficacy of Azithromycin Distribution Strategies on Childhood Mortality in Niger
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on Octber 11th, 2024
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To address childhood mortality in low-resource countries, the World Health Organization previously recommended biannual mass distribution of azithromycin to children aged 1 to 59 months. However, concerns over rising antimicrobial resistance led to a revised recommendation limiting the intervention to children between 1 and 11 months of age. In response, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funded a study to assess the effectiveness of this shorter 1-11 month regimen compared to the original 1-59 month recommendation.
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Crinecerfont's Potential in Reducing Androgen Levels in Pediatric Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 16th, 2024
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that impairs the synthesis of cortisol and aldosterone, leading to excessive androgen production. The Endocrine Society recommends hydrocortisone as a standard treatment, but prolonged glucocorticoid use can elevate the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. To address these concerns, Neurocrine Biosciences sponsored a study to evaluate the effectiveness of crinecerfont, a corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist, in managing congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
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Real Life Effectiveness of Nirsevimab in Preventing Bronchiolitis Associated with Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 28th, 2024
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections, such as bronchiolitis, in children. With its extended in vivo half-life and strong neutralizing ability, Nirsevimab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency in early 2023 for use as a pre-exposure prophylaxis against RSV. A study, recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine, evaluated the real-world effectiveness of nirsevimab in preventing hospitalizations due to RSV-associated bronchiolitis in children.
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Managing Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis with Dupilumab
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 21st, 2024
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Eosinophilic esophagitis is an inflammatory condition driven by type 2 Helper T-cells and its associated cytokines such as Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13. In children, the inflammation can lead to fibrosis and stricture that can result in dysphagia and impact development. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that can be used to treat asthma and atopic dermatitis by blocking the signaling pathway of IL-4 and IL-13. As a result, Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals had sponsored a study to assess the effect of dupilumab in managing eosinophilic esophagitis in pediatric patients.
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Association Between Maternal Hepatitis B Infection and Congenital Heart Defects
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on June 26th, 2024
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It has been well documented that maternal infection such as rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and coxsackievirus can increase the risk of congenital heart defects (CHD). However, there is a limited number of studies that examine the effect of Hepatitis B infection on fetal development. A study recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association had reported on the association between maternal Hepatitis B and congenital heart defects in the offspring.
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Promoting LDL Cholesterol Clearance in Pediatric Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia with Alirocumab
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 14th, 2024
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Statin and other lipid-lowering therapies are frequently used to control the cholesterol-carrying low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in pediatric patients with familial cholesterolemia. PSCK9 plays an important role in maintaining a high LDL-C level by destroying the cellular receptor that would clear LDL-C from blood. Alirocumab is an antibody that can inhibit PSCK9, and a study was conducted to assess its capability in promoting LDL-C clearance to manage heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in children.
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Examine the Effect of 2nd Generation Antipsychotic Medications on Children and Young Adults
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 12th, 2024
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In adults, it has been characterized that antipsychotic medications increase the risk of cardiovascular problems, respiratory failure, and metabolic dysfunction, and death. The usage of 2nd generation antipsychotic agents has been increased in children and adolescents, frequently, in the form of off-label use. Thus, the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development had sponsored a study to investigate the impact of antipsychotic medications on the health of children and adolescents.
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Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine and Methylphenidate Usage during Pregnancy and the Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 11th, 2024
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With the increase in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, the amount of stimulant medication being prescribed had also increased. However, there is a limited number of studies that investigate the effect of these medications on the neurodevelopment of a fetus. A study, recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, investigates the possible association between maternal usage of stimulant medication to treat ADHD and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the child.
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Possibility of Using Epicutaneous Immunotherapy to Induce Tolerance in Children and adolescent Affected with Cow’s Milk Allergy
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 7th, 2024
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Despite the major reduction in the quality of life of those who are affected by cow’s milk allergy, there are currently no approved biological interventions besides avoidance. Epicutaneous exposure with the allergen had been tested as a management tool for peanut allergy. An article, recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, had investigated the usage of epicutaneous immunotherapy containing milk allergen to manage cow’s milk allergy in children and adolescents.
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Investigating the Effect of Early Iron Supplementation in the Neurodevelopment of Breastfed Infants
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 5th, 2024
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Infantile iron deficiency is a common global problem, which is more severe in resource-limited communities. Anemia caused by iron deficiency can potentially interfere with neurodevelopment and cause cognitive impairment and behavioral problems. Since the iron content of breast milk is low, there is a debate on the necessity of iron supplementation. To fill this gap in knowledge, a study was conducted in Poland and Sweden to investigate the effect of daily iron supplementation on early cognitive development.
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Using Vosoritide to Treat Hypochondroplasia by Inhibiting the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Signaling Pathway
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 24th, 2024
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Hypochondroplasia is hallmarked by the over-activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) which disrupts endochondral ossification. Vosoritide is an analogue of c-type natriuretic peptide that can bind to and inhibit the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway downstream from FGFR3 activation. A study recently published on the Lancet had investigated the effect of Vosoritide on treating hypochondroplasia.
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Using monoclonal antibody targeting the conserved Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein as a prophylaxis for malaria
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 22nd, 2024
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Currently, the World Health Organization has issued recommendations for two types of malaria vaccines - RTS,S/AS01 and R21/ Matrix-M - for pediatric usage. In addition, chemoprophylaxis is recommended for infants and children with severe anemia. CIS43LS is a monoclonal antibody that can bind to the conserved Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein and neutralize the parasite. Previous studies had shown that CIS43LS has a high efficacy in preventing infection in adults. Thus, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease had sponsored a study to assess the efficacy of CIS43LS in preventing malaria in children.
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Evaluating the effect of nutritional support in moderate-to-late preterm infants
Topic: PEDIATRIC
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 20th, 2024
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The risk of developmental delay, cardiometabolic disease and death is significantly higher in moderate-to-late preterm children. However, there is currently a research gap in the nutritional needs of this population. Therefore, the Health Research Council of New Zealand had funded a study to examine the effectiveness of various nutritional support interventions on the body fat composition and the time to full enteral feeding of the preterm neonates.
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Assessing Azithromycin's Impact on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 3rd, 2024
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Because of their premature birth, infants born before 30 gestational weeks are at a heightened risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a condition marked by interrupted lung development. Factors such as pulmonary colonization with Ureaplasma bacteria and inflammation mediated by neutrophils contribute to this risk. Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, has the ability to combat bacteria and has been linked to reduced neutrophil activity and chemotaxis. Consequently, a study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of azithromycin on managing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.
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Investigating Antiseizure Medication Use During Pregnancy and Autism Risk
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 17th, 2024
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During pregnancy, the administration of medication can significantly influence fetal development. Expectant mothers with epilepsy often require antiseizure medication throughout their pregnancy to manage their condition. Numerous studies have indicated that certain medications like topiramate, valproate, and lamotrigine may have teratogenic effects, potentially resulting in adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Consequently, the United States National Institute of Mental Health funded a comprehensive study to investigate the correlation between maternal use of antiseizure medication and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in their children.
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Effectiveness of Maternal Immunization with the RSVPreF3-Mat Vaccine in Preventing Childhood RSV Infection
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 15th, 2024
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Maternal immunization has proven to be an efficient strategy for shielding young children from diseases. RSVPreF3-Mat is a subunit vaccine targeting RSV that has been designed specifically for maternal administration. Its formulation comprises the RSV fusion protein in its prefusion conformation. GlaxoSmithKline, a pharmaceutical company, supported a study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of RSVPreF3-mat in preventing RSV infection among children.
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Assessing the Impact of Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination on Offspring Neurodevelopment
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 22nd, 2024
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Pregnancy poses intricate biological challenges for both the mother and the fetus, prompting careful scrutiny of any biological intervention. As a result, COVID-19 vaccines have undergone rigorous testing to ascertain their safety for pregnancy and subsequent child development. A study investigating the impact of maternal COVID-19 vaccination on offspring neurodevelopment has been published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Comparing Donor Milk and Preterm Formula Effects on Neurodevelopment in Preterm Infants
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 15th, 2024
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Preterm infants face elevated risks of sepsis, enterocolitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, conditions that may contribute to neurodevelopmental issues. Maternal milk has been associated with mitigating these risks and promoting typical neurodevelopment. Consequently, a study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of donor milk versus preterm formula on the neurodevelopment of preterm infants.
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Assessing Azithromycin Distribution in Routine Healthcare Visits for Infant Mortality Reduction
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 13th, 2024
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The World Health Organization advocates for the biannual mass distribution of azithromycin to infants under 1 year old residing in regions with elevated child mortality rates. These widespread health interventions have demonstrated a 25% reduction in mortality risk. However, implementing such large-scale programs necessitates extensive logistical coordination. Consequently, a study was conducted to evaluate whether administering azithromycin during routine visits could yield comparable outcomes.
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Examining the Impact of Household Air Pollution on Child Growth
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 28th, 2024
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It has been hypothesized that exposure to indoor air pollution in households may contribute to growth impairment in children. The precise mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear, but it is plausible that pollutants trigger heightened oxidative stress and lead to a state of mild immunosuppression, necessitating increased energy expenditure. In low and middle-income countries, young children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of indoor air pollutants due to the significant amount of time spent at home, especially in households where biomass fuels such as coal and wood are used for heating and cooking. Consequently, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funded a study to investigate whether adopting a less polluted energy source like liquefied petroleum gas could mitigate the risk of growth impairment.
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The Impact of Liquefied Petroleum Gas vs. Biomass Stove Use on Infant Respiratory Health
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 26th, 2024
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Exposure to household pollutants contributes to 30% of pediatric pneumonia-related mortality. Prior observational research has linked exposure to particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers to an elevated risk of pneumonia. Burning biomass, including wood and charcoal, generates these harmful substances. Given that many households in low and middle-income countries rely on biomass for cooking fuel, a study was undertaken to compare the respiratory effects of using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) versus biomass.
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Effectiveness of Nirsevimab in preventing Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection in healthy infants
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 19th, 2024
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Nirsevimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the pre-fusion form of the F-protein on the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It has gained recent approval for use in the United States and the European Union for treating lower respiratory infections caused by RSV in children. Given its extended half-life, a study has explored the potential of Nirsevimab in preventing RSV infection among healthy children.
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Prophylactic oropharyngeal surfactant with continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 12th, 2024
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Preterm infants face an increased risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome due to their underdeveloped lung status. The conventional management approach, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), yields suboptimal outcomes in neonates. Given their deficient surfactant levels—a crucial blend of phospholipids and proteins preventing alveolar collapse—intubation becomes necessary for surfactant administration. Nevertheless, neonatal endotracheal intubation is linked to various adverse effects. Consequently, a study investigates the potential enhancement of respiratory outcomes through the prophylactic administration of oropharyngeal surfactant before applying CPAP.
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Examine the usage of short-course antibiotic therapy to treat pediatric urinary tract infection
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 15th, 2024
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Amid the escalating concern surrounding antimicrobial resistance, discussions have emerged regarding the utilization of short-course antibiotic regimens as opposed to longer ones, aiming to reduce undue selective pressure for resistant phenotypes. A recent study evaluating the effectiveness of short-course therapy for pediatric urinary tract infections has released its findings in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Examination of the effect of perinatal usage of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines on neonatal health
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 12th, 2024
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In pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2 infection poses risks to both the mother and the fetus. As a result, prioritizing vaccination for this group has been crucial. While earlier observational studies demonstrated vaccine safety for the fetus, they had limitations in the scope of outcomes examined. A recent article in the Journal of the American Medical Association aims to delve deeper into understanding the impact of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines on neonatal health.
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Assessing Dabrafenib and Trametinib Combination Therapy for Pediatric Glioma with BRAF V600E Mutation
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 16th, 2023
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Glioma is the most common central nervous system tumor in pediatric patients. While resection and chemotherapy have improved the 5-year survival rate to 95%, relapses still occur, necessitating the development of new therapies. About 20% of pediatric low-grade gliomas feature the BRAF V600E mutation. Consequently, a study was conducted to explore whether Dabrafenib, a selective BRAF V600E inhibitor, and Trametinib could offer similar benefits to pediatric patients as they have for adults.
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Using long-term antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent urinary tract infection in pediatric patients with grade III, IV, and V vesicoureteral reflux
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 4th, 2023
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In children diagnosed with moderate-to-severe vesicoureteral reflux, continuous antibiotic therapy is a current practice aimed at lowering the risk of urinary tract infections, which can potentially progress to pyelonephritis and result in kidney scarring. Nevertheless, the prolonged use of antibiotics has the potential to disturb the child's microbiome and contribute to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. As a result, a study was conducted to assess the advantages and potential risks associated with antibiotic prophylaxis in children diagnosed with grade III, IV, and V vesicoureteral reflux.
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Immunization of expecting mothers to protect their children against Streptococcus group B infection
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Reviewed & translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A
Edited by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on August 23rd, 2023
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Many history studies showed that serotype-specific anti–capsular polysaccharide (CPS) IgG in newborns correlated with a reduced risk of group B streptococcal disease. A hexavalent CPS–cross-reactive material 197 glycoconjugate vaccine (GBS6) is being developed as a maternal vaccine to prevent invasive group B streptococcus in young infants. Thus, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of maternal GBS6 vaccine to prevent group B Streptococcus for infants.
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Early detection and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 12th, 2023
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Gestational diabetes is a commonly occurring complication and it can increase the risk of events that can negatively affect the health of both the mother and neonates. Mother had a higher risk of pre-eclampsia and the need of obstetrical intervention. The diabetes can also cause the fetus to grow larger than expected and increase the risk of shoulder dystocia and trauma. Screening and treatment are recommended at gestational week 24, which effectively lower the amount of adverse outcomes. So, a study was performed in Australia and New Zealand to investigate whether treatment at the 20th week can produce the same level of benefit.
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Assessing the effectiveness of the Meningococcal ACWYX Conjugate Vaccine in children and young adults
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Reviewed & translated by An Duc Thien Le
Edited by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on July 5th, 2023
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Among the six serogroups of meningococcal (A, B, C, W, X, Y), serogroup A was identified as the primary cause of the majority of cases. However, thanks to the extensive vaccination program involving the MenACWY-D vaccine, the impact of serogroup A was effectively controlled and managed. Recently, the incidence rate is rising again due to other serogroups especially serogroup X as it is not included in the current four quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate MenACWY-D vaccine. Thus, a study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness and safety of novel pentavalent meningococcal ACWYX conjugate vaccine (NmCV-5).
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Oral Vitamin D supplementation in infants born with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on June 26th, 2023
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Maternal-fetal transfer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is an important factor for bone development in the neonates. Thus, a low maternal level of 25[OH]D can lead to vitamin D deficiency and has a negative effect on bone health. Thus, a study examined the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation to children whose serum 25[OH]D level is low.
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Reducing the severity of anaphylaxis reaction to peanut in children by desensitization with epicutaneous immunotherapy
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on June 7th, 2023
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Managing peanut allergy in the pediatric population can be challenging because the affected children are less capable in avoiding the allergen. In the worst case scenario, the child can undergo a lethal anaphylaxis reaction. Thus, a study has been performed to assess whether exposure to a small dose of peanut allergen can desensitize an allergic child and alleviate the disease burden.
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The effectiveness of intranasal corticosteroids in treating chronic rhinosinusitis and its effect on the microbiome
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on May 24th, 2023
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To alleviate the consistent inflammation caused by chronic sinusitis, intranasal corticosteroids are administered. However, there is little evidence about the efficacy in the pediatric population. Plus, the effect of intranasal corticosteroids on the nasal microbiome is unknown. A study, recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, had investigated how the effect intranasal corticosteroids has on the quality of life of children with chronic sinusitis.
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Using the RSVpreF vaccine during pregnancy to prevent RSV infection in infants
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on May 10th, 2023
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Infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of death in children younger than 6 months old who live in low to middle income countries. Vaccinating the expecting mother can lead to transplacental transfer of protective antibodies, which have been effective against tetanus, pertussis, and SARS-CoV-2. Thus, a study, funded by Pfizer, was conducted to investigate whether the maternal immunization with the RSVpreF vaccine can be used to prevent illness in neonates
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Using GD2-CART01 cells to treat neuroblastoma in pediatric patients
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on April 17th, 2023
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Neuroblastoma is one of the most common causes of cancer death in pediatric patients. Disialoganglioside GD2 is highly expressed by neuroblastoma cells; thus, monoclonal antibody treatment has yielded positive outcomes. T-cells with chimeric antigen receptors, also known as CAR-T cells, is the novel method of cancer treatment; the T-cells were engineered to express receptors that can bind to specific cellular antigen and induce death in the expressing cell. Thus, the Italian Medicines Agency had sponsored a study to investigate the effect of the GD2-CART01 CAR-T cells in treating neuroblastoma
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The safety profile and efficacy of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) in children younger than 5 years old
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 22nd, 2023
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In most cases, SARS-CoV-2 causes mild to moderate disease in children under the age of 5. However, there have been many severe infections in the form of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) which can lead to death. However, there is no research on the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine in young children. Thus, the pharmaceutical companies Pfizer and BioNTech had conducted a study to investigate the effect of the BNT162b2 vaccine in children below 5 years old.
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The effectiveness of 4CMenB vaccine in preventing invasive meningococcal disease in children
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 17th, 2023
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Neisseria meningitidis is the major bacterial cause behind invasive meningitis in children. The four-component protein-based meningococcal B vaccine (4CMenB) is sold by the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline under the brand name Bexsero and has been widely used worldwide. A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine had published their finding on the effectiveness of the 4CMenB vaccine on preventing infection in young children.
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Peripartum usage of benzodiazepine and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on December 19th, 2022
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Benzodiazepines are frequently prescribed to manage anxiety and depression in pregnant women. However, little is known about the effect of the medication on fetal neurodevelopment. Previous studies had shown that the molecule can be found in amniotic fluid and might affect the fetus. Thus, a large cohort study was conducted to understand the risk of neurodevelopmental abnormalities due to prenatal exposure to benzodiazepine.
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Using butyrate supplements to manage obesity in children
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on December 14th, 2022
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Previous metabolomic studies had shown that butyrate is necessary for a healthy gut microbiome. Deficiency of this short chain fatty acid reduces the abundance of certain beneficial bacterial species; resulting in metabolic dysfunction and increasing weight gain. A recent clinical trial tested the efficacy of butyrate supplements in reverting childhood obesity.
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Intravenous amino acids supplementation to prevent neurodisability in preterm infants
Topic: PEDIATRIC
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 14th, 2022
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Amino acids are essential for the process of neurodevelopment, and a daily dose of 3-4 g is recommended. Because the brains of preterm children are underdeveloped, it is possible that a higher than average dosage is required. Prior observational studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between protein intake and the level of neurodevelopment; however, the appropriate dosage for preterm infants is not known. A study conducted by the ProVIDe research group had reported on the effect of amino acids supplementation on neurodevelopment.
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The effectiveness and safety of the Moderna mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine in children older than 6 months
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 4th, 2022
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In mid-June of 2022, the US Food and Drugs Administration recommended the usage of COVID-19 vaccines for children above the age of 6 months. Later in July of the same year, the Ministry of Health in Vietnam made the same recommendation. A recent multicenter study conducted in the United States and Canada had investigated the efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 vaccines manufactured by Moderna.
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Monoclonal antibody nirsevimab is effective in preventing respiratory syncytial virus infection in term and late preterm infants
Topic: PEDIATRIC, INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 31st, 2022
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Nirsevimab is a monoclonal antibody designed to bind to the fusion protein on the surface of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Thus, it had been approved for preventing RSV infection in preterm infants. A study sponsored by the pharmaceutical companies MedImmune/AstraZeneca and Sanofi had reported on the effectiveness of nirsevimab at preventing RSV infection in term and late preterm infants.
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