Comparing the Effectiveness of Long-Lasting Injected Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine to the Current Daily Oral Antiretroviral in Managing HIV
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 12th, 2024
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According to the current recommendations of the World Health Organization, daily oral antiretroviral therapy, which includes tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and dolutegravir, is used to manage HIV infection. This method has been effective in controlling HIV in resource-poor countries, although it requires strict adherence to the medication schedule. Long-acting therapy with cabotegravir and rilpivirine has shown high efficacy in trials conducted in Europe and North America. A recent article published in The Lancet compared the effectiveness of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine therapy with the standard oral therapy in managing HIV.
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Efficacy of a 9-Month Oral Treatment Regimen for Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 10th, 2024
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Vietnam is classified by the World Health Organization as a country significantly impacted by tuberculosis, with 5% of cases exhibiting multidrug resistance. Before 2019, the standard treatment for multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis involved a 24-month course of injectable medications. In 2020, recommendations shifted to a 9-month oral regimen. A recent study published in The Lancet evaluated the efficacy of this shorter oral treatment regimen.
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Durvalumab Combined with Chemotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract and Gallbladder Cancer
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 8th, 2024
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The combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin is commonly used to treat advanced biliary tract and gallbladder cancer, but the median survival rate with this regimen is less than 12 months. Durvalumab, a monoclonal antibody, enhances the immune system's antitumor activity by disrupting the immunosuppressive interaction between PD-1 and PD-1L. AstraZeneca sponsored a study to evaluate the effectiveness of Durvalumab in treating advanced biliary tract and gallbladder cancer.
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Effectiveness of Nivolumab as an Addition to Standard Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer Treatment
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 5th, 2024
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In many Asian countries, the current standard therapy for resectable gastric cancer involves post-surgery chemotherapy, such as docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil, to minimize disease recurrence. A recent article published in The Lancet investigated the effect of adding the PD-1 receptor inhibitor, nivolumab, to this chemotherapy regimen for treating gastric cancer.
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Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy with Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Shows Promise for Mismatch Repair–Deficient Colon Cancer
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 3rd, 2024
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Defects in the mismatch repair cellular machinery are present in 15% of nonmetastatic colon cancer cases. Currently, these patients are treated similarly to those with competent mismatch repair mechanisms, receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin after surgery. Recent data, however, have shown that this approach has limited efficacy. As a result, a study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using neoadjuvant immunotherapy, specifically nivolumab plus ipilimumab, in colon cancer patients with mismatch repair deficiency.
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Managing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with Aficamten
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 1st, 2024
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Cardiac hypercontractility associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can obstruct blood flow. While surgical intervention can address this condition, it is often non-ideal due to its invasiveness and limited availability at specialized hospitals. Aficamten, a medication that reduces cardiac contractility by interfering with the actin-myosin cross-bridge, presents a potential alternative treatment. Consequently, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of aficamten in managing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Investigating the Effect of Ensitrelvir in Treating Infection with the Omicron Subvariants of SARS-CoV-2
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on June 28th, 2024
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Most of the current clinical guidelines recommend the usage of remdesivir, molnupiravir, or the combination of ritonavir and nirmatrelvir to manage severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, studies that proved the effectiveness of these antivirals were conducted before Omicron subvariants became dominant. With the concern that the Omicron subvariants contains mutation that would negate the effect of current recommended treatment, a study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of ensitrelvir - a protease inhibitor that had proven to be effective against Omicron in animal studies.
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Association Between Maternal Hepatitis B Infection and Congenital Heart Defects
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on June 26th, 2024
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It has been well documented that maternal infection such as rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and coxsackievirus can increase the risk of congenital heart defects (CHD). However, there is a limited number of studies that examine the effect of Hepatitis B infection on fetal development. A study recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association had reported on the association between maternal Hepatitis B and congenital heart defects in the offspring.
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Increase the Effectiveness of E-Cigarette Cessation with Cytisinicline
Topic: RESPIRATORY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 24th, 2024
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With the increase in popularity in vaping and e-cigarette containing nicotine, regulatory agencies have identified that there is a gap in knowledge on the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy on e-cigarette cessation. Cytisinicline is an agonist that can inhibit the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which can reduce the dependence on nicotine. As a result, the National Institute of Drug Abuse had funded a study to assess the efficacy of cytisinicline on vaping cessation.
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Supplementation of Krill Oil in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Topic: ORTHOPEDIC
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 21st, 2024
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Previous study had found that the supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid can reduce inflammation. Compared to normal fishes, oil from Antarctic krill has a higher concentration of omega-3 fatty acids and it also contains astaxanthin, an antioxidant that can further reduce inflammation. Therefore, the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia had sponsored a study to examine the effectiveness of krill oil in reducing inflammation and improving the health of patients living with knee osteoarthritis.
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Benzodiazepines usage during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 19th, 2024
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Benzodiazepines are frequently prescribed to treat anxiety and insomnia in pregnant women. However, the molecule can cross the placental barrier, so there has been concern that the substance can increase the risk of abnormal fetal development and miscarriage. Recent studies that examine this association contain several confounders such as maternal comorbidities, lifestyle, and the severity of anxiety and insomnia. Thus, a population-wide study was conducted to examine the in utero effect of benzodiazepines.
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Preventing acute pancreatitis caused by hypertriglyceridemia with an oligonucleotide targeting APOC-3 protein, Olezarsen
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 17th, 2024
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Familial chylomicronemia syndrome increases the risk of acute pancreatitis due to the high level of triglycerides. In the body, chylomicron and VLDL lipoproteins are responsible for trafficking triglycerides, and they possess APOC3 protein to prevent degradation. Olezarsen is an antisense oligonucleotide that can inhibit the expression of APOC3 and promote triglyceride clearance. Therefore, a study was conducted to examine the effect of Olezarsen on the risk of pancreatitis in patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome.
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Promoting LDL Cholesterol Clearance in Pediatric Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia with Alirocumab
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 14th, 2024
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Statin and other lipid-lowering therapies are frequently used to control the cholesterol-carrying low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in pediatric patients with familial cholesterolemia. PSCK9 plays an important role in maintaining a high LDL-C level by destroying the cellular receptor that would clear LDL-C from blood. Alirocumab is an antibody that can inhibit PSCK9, and a study was conducted to assess its capability in promoting LDL-C clearance to manage heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in children.
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Examine the Effect of 2nd Generation Antipsychotic Medications on Children and Young Adults
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 12th, 2024
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In adults, it has been characterized that antipsychotic medications increase the risk of cardiovascular problems, respiratory failure, and metabolic dysfunction, and death. The usage of 2nd generation antipsychotic agents has been increased in children and adolescents, frequently, in the form of off-label use. Thus, the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development had sponsored a study to investigate the impact of antipsychotic medications on the health of children and adolescents.
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Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine and Methylphenidate Usage during Pregnancy and the Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 10th, 2024
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With the increase in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, the amount of stimulant medication being prescribed had also increased. However, there is a limited number of studies that investigate the effect of these medications on the neurodevelopment of a fetus. A study, recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, investigates the possible association between maternal usage of stimulant medication to treat ADHD and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the child.
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Possibility of Using Epicutaneous Immunotherapy to Induce Tolerance in Children and adolescent Affected with Cow’s Milk Allergy
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 7th, 2024
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Despite the major reduction in the quality of life of those who are affected by cow’s milk allergy, there are currently no approved biological interventions besides avoidance. Epicutaneous exposure with the allergen had been tested as a management tool for peanut allergy. An article, recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, had investigated the usage of epicutaneous immunotherapy containing milk allergen to manage cow’s milk allergy in children and adolescents.
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Investigating the Effect of Early Iron Supplementation in the Neurodevelopment of Breastfed Infants
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 5th, 2024
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Infantile iron deficiency is a common global problem, which is more severe in resource-limited communities. Anemia caused by iron deficiency can potentially interfere with neurodevelopment and cause cognitive impairment and behavioral problems. Since the iron content of breast milk is low, there is a debate on the necessity of iron supplementation. To fill this gap in knowledge, a study was conducted in Poland and Sweden to investigate the effect of daily iron supplementation on early cognitive development.
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Using Andexanet Alfa as an Antidote to Manage Intracranial Hemorrhage Caused by Factor Xa Inhibitors
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 3rd, 2024
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To prevent thrombosis, factor Xa inhibitors are usually used. However, the anticoagulant increases the risk of hemorrhage. To prevent this unwanted effect, antagonists for the inhibitor can potentially be used as an antidote. Andexanet alfa is an inactive form of factor Xa that can bind to and neutralize the anticoagulant. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of andexanet alfa in preventing mortality and reducing morbidity associated with intracerebral caused by factor Xa inhibitors.
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Concurrent Usage of Nivolumab and Platinum-based Chemotherapy before and after Surgery for Resectable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 31st, 2024
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Nivolumab is an monoclonal antibody that enhances the immune clearance of tumor cell by inhibiting the PD-1 receptor. Neoadjuvant usage of nivolumab and platinum-based chemotherapy had significantly reduced the risk of death and disease recurrence in patients with resectable non–small-cell lung cancer. As a result, a study investigated the perioperative usage of nivolumab, before and after surgery, can improve clinical outcome by neutralizing residual tumor cells and inhibiting micrometastasis.
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Managing Hypertriglyceridemia with Olezarsen, an oligonucleotide that neutralize Apoprotein C-III mNRA
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 29th, 2024
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Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with severe health outcomes such as acute pancreatitis, and there are currently not many available pharmaceutical interventions. Apoprotein C-III (APOC3) is a naturally producing agent that increases the level of triglycerides in blood by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and hepatic clearance. Therefore, a new study was conducted to assess the effect of Olezarsen, a oligonucleotide that can neutralize APOC3 mRNA, in managing hypertriglyceridemia.
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Concurrent usage of beta-blocker and other cardiovascular medication in managing health post myocardial infarction
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 27th, 2024
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The usage of beta-blockers following a myocardial infarction episode had been reported to reduce the risk of death by 20%. However, the recommendation of beta-blocker usage was issued before the advent of current cardiovascular interventions. Thus, following the recommendation of the Cochrane review, the Swedish Research Council had funded a study to assess the concurrent effect of beta-blocker and other medications on managing cardiovascular health after myocardial infarction.
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Using Vosoritide to Treat Hypochondroplasia by Inhibiting the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Signaling Pathway
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 24th, 2024
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Hypochondroplasia is hallmarked by the over-activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) which disrupts endochondral ossification. Vosoritide is an analogue of c-type natriuretic peptide that can bind to and inhibit the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway downstream from FGFR3 activation. A study recently published on the Lancet had investigated the effect of Vosoritide on treating hypochondroplasia.
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Using monoclonal antibody targeting the conserved Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein as a prophylaxis for malaria
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 22nd, 2024
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Currently, the World Health Organization has issued recommendations for two types of malaria vaccines - RTS,S/AS01 and R21/ Matrix-M - for pediatric usage. In addition, chemoprophylaxis is recommended for infants and children with severe anemia. CIS43LS is a monoclonal antibody that can bind to the conserved Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein and neutralize the parasite. Previous studies had shown that CIS43LS has a high efficacy in preventing infection in adults. Thus, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease had sponsored a study to assess the efficacy of CIS43LS in preventing malaria in children.
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Evaluating the effect of nutritional support in moderate-to-late preterm infants
Topic: PEDIATRIC
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 20th, 2024
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The risk of developmental delay, cardiometabolic disease and death is significantly higher in moderate-to-late preterm children. However, there is currently a research gap in the nutritional needs of this population. Therefore, the Health Research Council of New Zealand had funded a study to examine the effectiveness of various nutritional support interventions on the body fat composition and the time to full enteral feeding of the preterm neonates.
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Empagliflozin as a Preventive Measure for Heart Failure Post-Myocardial Infarction
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 17th, 2024
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It had previously been observed that treatment of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors help improve cardiovascular outcomes of heart failure patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Given the heightened risk of heart failure subsequent to a myocardial infarction episode, a study was initiated to explore the potential of empagliflozin as a preventative measure.
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Semaglutide Treatment Improves Clinical Outcomes in Obese Patients with Heart Failure
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 13th, 2024
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The rise in obesity rates has paralleled an increase in the occurrence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is closely linked to both these conditions, and individuals with comorbid heart failure and T2DM experience a greater disease burden and adverse hemodynamics. A recent study aimed to evaluate the potential of Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor antagonist commonly prescribed for T2DM, in the management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction among obese patients.
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Exploring the Efficacy of D-Mannose in Preventing Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 10th, 2024
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D-mannose is a naturally occurring isomer of glucose, and it can bind to bacterial fimbriae to inhibit adherence to epithelial cells. A recent publication in the Journal of the American Medical Association explored its potential in preventing uropathogen colonization in cases of recurrent urinary tract infection.
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Assessing Guselkumab Efficacy in Treating Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 8th, 2024
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Pityriasis rubra pilaris is a rare inflammatory condition that shares similar immunological pathways with psoriasis such as interleukin-23 overexpression and T-helper 17 activation. Psoriasis can be treated with guselkumab, an antibody that can bind to IL-23p19, and the pharmaceutical company Janssen had sponsored a study to assess its efficacy to treat pityriasis rubra pilaris.
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Comparative Study of Oral and Topical Minoxidil for Androgenetic Alopecia in Men
Topic: DERMATOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 6th, 2024
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To treat androgenetic alopecia in men, the only treatments approved by the US Food and Drug Administration are oral finasteride and topical minoxidil. However, their usage had been linked with adverse sexual effects and scalp irritation. Consequently, the Brazilian Dermatology Society initiated a study to explore the feasibility of employing oral minoxidil for managing androgenetic alopecia.
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Assessing Azithromycin's Impact on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 3rd, 2024
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Because of their premature birth, infants born before 30 gestational weeks are at a heightened risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a condition marked by interrupted lung development. Factors such as pulmonary colonization with Ureaplasma bacteria and inflammation mediated by neutrophils contribute to this risk. Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, has the ability to combat bacteria and has been linked to reduced neutrophil activity and chemotaxis. Consequently, a study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of azithromycin on managing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.
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The Efficacy of Plozasiran in Managing Hypertriglyceridemia
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 1st, 2024
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Hypertriglyceridemia correlates with an increased likelihood of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver, and acute pancreatitis. The protein APOC3 is implicated in this condition due to its role in impeding the breakdown of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and chylomicrons. Plozasiran, a small-interfering RNA, targets and degrades mRNA encoding the APOC3 protein. Consequently, a study was undertaken to evaluate its effectiveness in addressing hypertriglyceridemia.
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Investigating the efficacy of Alectinib, an ALK inhibitor, in ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 29th, 2024
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Approximately 5% of all cases of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibit rearrangement to the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. This specific subset of NSCLC can be treated with platinum-based combination chemotherapy; however, this regimen has modest improvements to the survival rate and it has a relatively high risk of disease recurrence. Alectinib is an ALK inhibitor, and a study has been conducted to assess its efficacy in managing ALK-positive NSCLC.
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Assessing Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Combination in SARS-CoV-2 Treatment for Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 24th, 2024
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Currently, the antiviral combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir are widely used to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. While the efficacy of this drug has been evaluated in unvaccinated adults, its efficacy rate in a population comprising both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals remains uncertain. A recent study, featured in the New England Journal of Medicine, investigated the interplay between nirmatrelvir and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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Assessing the Efficacy of Lixisenatide in Managing Parkinson’s Disease Progression
Topic: NEUROLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 22nd, 2024
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The majority of current biological interventions for Parkinson’s disease focus on dopamine replacement therapy, as dopamine deficiency is a central feature of the condition. However, recent research has identified a heightened risk of Parkinson's in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, individuals treated with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists appear to have the lowest risk of developing Parkinson's. In response to these findings, the French Ministry of Health initiated a study to investigate the potential of using Lixisenatide, a GLP-1R agonist commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes, as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease.
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Combination Therapy with Ribociclib and Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitors for HR-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
Topic: ONCOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 18th, 2024
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Breast cancer tumors that express hormone receptors (HR) but not epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) constitute the most prevalent type of breast cancer. Ribociclib, an agent that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6, has shown efficacy in suppressing tumor progression and is commonly used in the treatment of advanced-stage breast cancer. Consequently, a study was conducted to evaluate the potential of Ribociclib in treating early-stage HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.
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Investigating Antiseizure Medication Use During Pregnancy and Autism Risk
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 17th, 2024
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During pregnancy, the administration of medication can significantly influence fetal development. Expectant mothers with epilepsy often require antiseizure medication throughout their pregnancy to manage their condition. Numerous studies have indicated that certain medications like topiramate, valproate, and lamotrigine may have teratogenic effects, potentially resulting in adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Consequently, the United States National Institute of Mental Health funded a comprehensive study to investigate the correlation between maternal use of antiseizure medication and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in their children.
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Effectiveness of Maternal Immunization with the RSVPreF3-Mat Vaccine in Preventing Childhood RSV Infection
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 15th, 2024
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Maternal immunization has proven to be an efficient strategy for shielding young children from diseases. RSVPreF3-Mat is a subunit vaccine targeting RSV that has been designed specifically for maternal administration. Its formulation comprises the RSV fusion protein in its prefusion conformation. GlaxoSmithKline, a pharmaceutical company, supported a study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of RSVPreF3-mat in preventing RSV infection among children.
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Enhanced Antitumor Activity against Urothelial Carcinoma with the Enfortumab Vedotin and Pembrolizumab Combination
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 12th, 2024
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Platinum-based chemotherapy has long been the conventional therapy for urothelial carcinoma, but its efficacy remains limited, resulting in a low 5-year survival rate. Recent investigations have shown promising outcomes with the combination of enfortumab vedotin, an antibody targeting nectin-4 - a cell adhesion molecule overexpressed on tumor cells - and pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor. In light of these findings, a larger-scale study was undertaken to evaluate the enhanced antitumor activity of the enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab combination against urothelial carcinoma.
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Assessing Omalizumab Efficacy in Treating Multiple Food Allergies
Topic: ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 10th, 2024
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Food allergy is a common condition that affects individuals of all ages, with many of them having allergies to multiple types of food. Currently, only peanut allergy is treatable with oral immunotherapy but it is associated with many adverse events and cannot address multiple types of food allergies. Omalizumab is an antibody that can neutralize IgE and has been approved for treating allergic asthma and urticaria. Thus, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases had funded a study to assess the usage of Omalizumab in treating multiple food allergies.
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Potential Cognitive Function Decline Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 8th, 2024
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There have been widespread reports indicating a potential link between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and a reduction in cognitive and memory function. However, empirical evidence supporting this association remains scarce. Consequently, the National Institute for Health and Care Research, situated in the United Kingdom, initiated an observational study aimed at elucidating the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on memory and cognitive function.
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Seladelpar Efficacy in Treating Primary Biliary Cholangitis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 5th, 2024
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Primary biliary cholangitis, a rare liver disorder impacting the bile duct and leading to toxic bile acid buildup, currently has only one FDA-approved treatment: ursodeoxycholic acid. However, this medication is linked to significant adverse effects like pruritus and shows only a moderate response rate. Seladelpar, a novel agent capable of activating the proliferator–activated receptor Delta (PPAR-delta) to mitigate bile acid accumulation, underwent evaluation for its efficacy in treating primary biliary cholangitis in a recent study.
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Efficacy of Delayed Thrombolytic Tenecteplase Intervention in Ischemic Stroke
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 3rd, 2024
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Administering thrombolytic agents like alteplase within 4.5 hours of an ischemic stroke is currently the standard practice. The American Heart Association recommends using tenecteplase, a type of alteplase, for this purpose. However, the efficacy of thrombolytic agent administration after 4.5 hours from the onset of the disease remains poorly understood. Consequently, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of delayed intervention.
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Assessing the Efficacy of Cefepime-Taniborbactam Combo in Complicated Urinary Tract Infections
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 1st, 2024
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Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a prevalent illness that can be successfully addressed with beta-lactam antibiotics like cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin. Nonetheless, significant resistance has emerged against these antimicrobial agents, particularly in the form of beta-lactamase. Taniborbactam, a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor, has recently undergone evaluation in combination with cefepime for the treatment of UTIs in a recent study.
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Assessing the Efficacy of Frexalimab in Managing Multiple Sclerosis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 29th, 2024
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The interaction between CD40 and CD40L plays a pivotal role in immune system activation. In individuals with multiple sclerosis, elevated CD40L expression fosters a robust T-lymphocyte response, contributing to disease progression. Consequently, Frexalimab, an antibody designed to bind to CD40L and impede this interaction, holds promise in mitigating disease severity. A recent study evaluating the efficacy of Frexalimab in managing multiple sclerosis has been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Novel oral IL-23 Receptor Antagonist Shows Promise in Plaque Psoriasis Treatment
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 27th, 2024
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Psoriasis arises from an inflammatory reaction orchestrated by interleukin-23 (IL-23), prompting current treatments to focus on this cytokine. However, many existing therapies targeting IL-23 are biologics necessitating intravenous or subcutaneous administration, posing inconvenience. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of JNJ-77242113, a novel IL-23 receptor antagonist that can be taken orally, in treating plaque psoriasis.
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Effectiveness of Resmetirom in Treating Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 25th, 2024
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As Vietnam experiences economic development, the incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cases is on the rise. However, there is currently no approved treatment for this condition. Resmetirom is a novel agent that activates the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR-β) in the liver, thereby reactivating the crucial process of fatty acid β-oxidation to mitigate the risk of fibrosis. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Resmetirom in treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Assessing the Impact of Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination on Offspring Neurodevelopment
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 22nd, 2024
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Pregnancy poses intricate biological challenges for both the mother and the fetus, prompting careful scrutiny of any biological intervention. As a result, COVID-19 vaccines have undergone rigorous testing to ascertain their safety for pregnancy and subsequent child development. A study investigating the impact of maternal COVID-19 vaccination on offspring neurodevelopment has been published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Optimal Antiseptic for Preoperative Skin Preparation in Orthopedic Surgeries
Topic: ORTHOPEDIC
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 20th, 2024
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There exists uncertainty regarding the optimal antiseptic for preoperative skin preparation in orthopedic surgeries aimed at correcting fractures. Commonly utilized agents include alcohol, chlorhexidine, and iodophor. However, variations among facilities exist in terms of concentrations, compositions, and solution types of these antiseptic agents. Consequently, a study was undertaken to ascertain the most effective antiseptic for preventing surgical site infections.
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The Efficacy of Butantan–Dengue Vaccine in Preventing Dengue Fever
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 18th, 2024
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To prevent dengue, there are currently 2 approved live-attenuated vaccines: Dengvaxia and Qdenga. The usage of Dengvaxia is limited to endemic regions to prevent severe infection in individuals with inadequate immunity. While Qgenda has high effectiveness, it is required to be administered in a series of 2 doses. Thus, a study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Butantan–Dengue, a single dose vaccine, to prevent dengue fever.
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Comparing Donor Milk and Preterm Formula Effects on Neurodevelopment in Preterm Infants
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 15th, 2024
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Preterm infants face elevated risks of sepsis, enterocolitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, conditions that may contribute to neurodevelopmental issues. Maternal milk has been associated with mitigating these risks and promoting typical neurodevelopment. Consequently, a study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of donor milk versus preterm formula on the neurodevelopment of preterm infants.
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Assessing Azithromycin Distribution in Routine Healthcare Visits for Infant Mortality Reduction
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 13th, 2024
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The World Health Organization advocates for the biannual mass distribution of azithromycin to infants under 1 year old residing in regions with elevated child mortality rates. These widespread health interventions have demonstrated a 25% reduction in mortality risk. However, implementing such large-scale programs necessitates extensive logistical coordination. Consequently, a study was conducted to evaluate whether administering azithromycin during routine visits could yield comparable outcomes.
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Testosterone Treatment and Fracture Risk in Hypogonadal Men
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 11th, 2024
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Male hypogonadism, in the form of testicular or pituitary dysfunction, is linked to decreased bone density. Previous research indicated that testosterone therapy could potentially reverse this bone loss. However, the earlier study had limitations in duration and sample size. Therefore, a clinical study was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of testosterone in preventing fractures among men with hypogonadism.
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Effectiveness of Lower-Dose Calcium Supplementation in Preventing Hypertension in Pregnant Women
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 8th, 2024
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High blood pressure during pregnancy poses risks to both maternal and fetal health. Since 2011, the World Health Organization has advised calcium supplementation ranging from 1500 mg to 2000 mg to lower the risk of pre-eclampsia. However, the high dosage presents cost constraints and challenges with adherence, particularly in resource-limited settings. Therefore, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funded a study to evaluate the efficacy of a reduced calcium dose in preventing hypertension during pregnancy.
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Assessing Acoramidis Efficacy in Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 6th, 2024
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Transthyretin (TTR) is a crucial transport hormone that functions in a tetramer arrangement. Mutations can lead to the dissociation of the monomer from the tetramer, resulting in its deposition in the myocardium and causing transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. A study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Acoramidis, a TTR stabilizer with a high binding affinity, in treating transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy.
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Repotrecitinib in ROS1 Fusion-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 4th, 2024
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Mutation in the ROS1 receptor, a crucial tyrosine kinase, accounts for 2% of all non-small-cell lung cancer cases. Currently, Crizotinib and Entrecitinib are the two ROS1 inhibitors in use. However, resistance to these inhibitors has emerged in half of all cases, and their limited activity within the brain reduces their efficacy in metastatic scenarios. Repotrecitinib, a novel small molecule ROS1 antagonist, represents a next-generation option capable of penetrating the brain easily and overcoming steric hindrance—a common resistance mechanism. A recent study has published its findings on the efficacy of Repotrecitinib in treating ROS1 fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Comparing Apixaban and Aspirin in Managing Ischemic Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 1st, 2024
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Because of the irregular blood flow in individuals with atrial fibrillation, there is an elevated risk of ischemic stroke. Consequently, patients with AFib often receive Vitamin K antagonists and anticoagulants to mitigate the risk of blood clot formation. Earlier research indicated that Apixaban is more effective than aspirin in reducing the incidence of pulmonary embolism and stroke without elevating the risk of hemorrhage. Therefore, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research initiated a study to assess the potential of apixaban in managing the risk of ischemic stroke among patients with atrial fibrillation.
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Examining the Impact of Household Air Pollution on Child Growth
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 28th, 2024
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It has been hypothesized that exposure to indoor air pollution in households may contribute to growth impairment in children. The precise mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear, but it is plausible that pollutants trigger heightened oxidative stress and lead to a state of mild immunosuppression, necessitating increased energy expenditure. In low and middle-income countries, young children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of indoor air pollutants due to the significant amount of time spent at home, especially in households where biomass fuels such as coal and wood are used for heating and cooking. Consequently, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funded a study to investigate whether adopting a less polluted energy source like liquefied petroleum gas could mitigate the risk of growth impairment.
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The Impact of Liquefied Petroleum Gas vs. Biomass Stove Use on Infant Respiratory Health
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 26th, 2024
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Exposure to household pollutants contributes to 30% of pediatric pneumonia-related mortality. Prior observational research has linked exposure to particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers to an elevated risk of pneumonia. Burning biomass, including wood and charcoal, generates these harmful substances. Given that many households in low and middle-income countries rely on biomass for cooking fuel, a study was undertaken to compare the respiratory effects of using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) versus biomass.
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IgA Nephropathy Treatment with Sibeprenlimab
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 23rd, 2024
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IgA nephropathy stands as the predominant cause of glomerulonephritis. Kidney impairment arises from the formation of immune complexes, orchestrated by autoantibodies that target galactose-deficient IgA antibodies. To explore treatment avenues, a study investigated the efficacy of Sibeprenlimab in IgA nephropathy management by inhibiting APRIL, a crucial protein involved in regulating B-cell immune response.
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Comparative Efficacy of Sparsentan and Irbesartan in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Management
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 21st, 2024
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Water retention regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) heightens the susceptibility to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The administration of an agent capable of inhibiting the RAAS system has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating the proteinuria linked to renal impairment. Consequently, a study was undertaken to assess the comparative effectiveness of Sparsentan, an endothelin-angiotensin receptor antagonist, and Irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, in the management of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
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Effectiveness of Nirsevimab in preventing Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection in healthy infants
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 19th, 2024
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Nirsevimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the pre-fusion form of the F-protein on the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It has gained recent approval for use in the United States and the European Union for treating lower respiratory infections caused by RSV in children. Given its extended half-life, a study has explored the potential of Nirsevimab in preventing RSV infection among healthy children.
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Evaluating dual antiplatelet therapy of aspirin and clopidogrel in post-ischemic stroke patients
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 16th, 2024
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Following a transient ischemic stroke, 10% of patients experience a recurrent stroke within 90 days. Aspirin, known for its antiplatelet properties, is a common management therapy. To explore potential compounding benefits, a study investigated the effectiveness of dual therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel.
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Post-exposure doxycycline to prevent sexually transmitted infection in women
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 14th, 2024
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Women bear a disproportionate burden of severe consequences from sexually transmitted infections compared to men or transgender women. With the rising incidence of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, there has been a renewed focus on refining preventive measures. Consequently, a study was undertaken to explore the potential benefits of post-exposure doxycycline.
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Prophylactic oropharyngeal surfactant with continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 12th, 2024
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Preterm infants face an increased risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome due to their underdeveloped lung status. The conventional management approach, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), yields suboptimal outcomes in neonates. Given their deficient surfactant levels—a crucial blend of phospholipids and proteins preventing alveolar collapse—intubation becomes necessary for surfactant administration. Nevertheless, neonatal endotracheal intubation is linked to various adverse effects. Consequently, a study investigates the potential enhancement of respiratory outcomes through the prophylactic administration of oropharyngeal surfactant before applying CPAP.
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Evaluating the Efficacy of Topical PF-07038124 in Managing Atopic Dermatitis and Plaque Psoriasis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 9th, 2024
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Currently, corticosteroid ointments are the topical treatment of choice for atopic dermatitis and plaque psoriasis. However, this approach is linked to significant systemic adverse events. The underlying immune response in these conditions is driven by cytokines from type 2 Helper T-cells, including IL-4, IL-13, TNF-alpha, and others. Consequently, a study was undertaken to explore the potential of PF-07038124, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor capable of disrupting intracellular signal amplification, in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and plaque psoriasis.
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Long-Term Tirzepatide Treatment Significantly Reduces Body Weight in Participants with Obesity
Topic: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 7th, 2024
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Tirzepatide, widely used for diabetes management owing to its insulin-boosting capabilities, has demonstrated a tendency for weight loss in individuals undergoing treatment. Thus, a recent study, featured in the Journal of the American Medical Association, had looked into the impact of Tirzepatide's long-term use on weight management
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Using Tebentafusp to treat metastatic uveal melanoma
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 5th, 2024
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Uveal melanoma, a rare form of skin cancer impacting the eyes, presents a distinct challenge compared to cutaneous melanoma. Once metastasis occurs, the prognosis is notably grim, with a median survival rate of approximately one year. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, commonly effective in cutaneous melanoma, prove ineffective in addressing uveal melanoma. Consequently, a study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Tebentafusp, a bispecific fusion receptor designed to enhance the neutralization of uveal melanoma cells enriched with gp100 by T-cells.
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Comparative Effectiveness of Recombinant FluBlok Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 2nd, 2024
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The conventional influenza vaccine is typically manufactured using chicken eggs, leading to potential mutations in the hemagglutinin antigen and mismatches between the vaccine and circulating viruses. Sanofi's FluBlok Quadrivalent Influenza vaccine employs a recombinant process that eliminates the need for chicken eggs, thereby reducing the likelihood of mutation-related mismatches. The findings of a study evaluating the vaccine effectiveness of the recombinant FluBlok Quadrivalent Influenza vaccine (RIV4) have recently been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Effectiveness of mRNA-1345 vaccine in preventing RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 31st, 2024
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The existing vaccines designed to protect against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) leverage the pre-fusion glycoprotein F (preF) as the primary antigen, demonstrating their efficacy. Moderna, a pharmaceutical company, has recently employed mRNA technology, previously utilized for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, to generate RSV protein. The results of a study evaluating the effectiveness of an RSV preF mRNA vaccine have been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Cardiometabolic benefits and risks of Semaglutide usage in overweight and obese adults without diabetes
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 29th, 2024
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Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), is commonly employed in diabetes management owing to its capacity to stimulate insulin production. Prior research has indicated that the use of GLP-1 diminishes the likelihood of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. A recently published study in the New England Journal of Medicine seeks to evaluate whether the protective effects observed with Semaglutide in diabetes patients extend to overweight and obese individuals without diabetes.
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Treating epithelial ovarian cancer by targeting folate receptor alpha with Mirvetuximab Soravtansine-gynx
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 26th, 2024
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Epithelial ovarian cancer stands as the most lethal gynecologic neoplasm, with platinum-based chemotherapy demonstrating proven efficacy. However, in instances of relapse, these tumors develop resistance to platinum-based treatments. Notably, these tumors exhibit an abnormally elevated expression of folate receptor alpha (FRa). Addressing this, Mirvetuximab Soravtansine-gynx, an antibody specifically targeting FRa and conjugated to maytansinoid DM4, which acts on the cell's tubulin, has emerged. A recent study, exploring the impact of Mirvetuximab Soravtansine-gynx on epithelial ovarian cancer, has published its findings in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Extending Teplizumab treatment duration to delay progression of type 1 Diabetes
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 24th, 2024
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Type 1 diabetes manifests through an autoimmune attack on pancreatic beta cells responsible for insulin production. Thus, attenuating this immune response could potentially postpone the onset of diabetes. Teplizumab, an antibody capable of binding to CD3 T-cells and inhibiting their response, has received approval from the Food and Drug Administration for short-course treatment in type 1 diabetes. Consequently, the biopharmaceutical company Sanofi sponsored a study to explore the possibility of extending the treatment duration with Teplizumab for additional delays in the progression of type 1 diabetes.
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Combining Sotarasib and Panitumumab for Colorectal Cancer with KRAS G12C Mutation
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 22nd, 2024
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In every 100 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, approximately 3 to 4 individuals exhibit a glycine-to-cysteine mutation at amino acid #12 of the KRAS protein. This specific genetic alteration is correlated with a dismal prognosis and a limited response to conventional therapeutic approaches. While Sotarasib, an inhibitor targeting the mutated KRAS, has demonstrated efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer, its effectiveness has been hindered in colorectal cancer due to the development of resistance, notably through the reactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Consequently, a study, supported by Amgen funding, was undertaken to evaluate the impact of combining Sotarasib with Panitumumab, an EGFR inhibitor, in the treatment of colorectal cancer harboring the mutated KRAS G12C.
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Assessing Barticinib role in mitigate autoimmune response and preserve insulin-producing beta cells in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 19th, 2024
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Individuals afflicted by Type 1 diabetes necessitate insulin supplementation due to their pancreas' incapacity to generate adequate insulin. Studies indicate that safeguarding the residual insulin-producing beta cells can mitigate the severity of the disease. Baricitinib, a JAK inhibitor, has the potential to impede the destructive behavior of autoreactive CD8 T-cells. Consequently, a study aimed to evaluate Baricitinib's capability in impeding autoreactive responses and conserving insulin-producing beta cells.
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Assessing the impact of Erdafitinib, a FGFR inhibitor, on metastatic urothelial cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 17th, 2024
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Patients diagnosed with metastatic urothelial cancer are presently undergoing treatment involving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, the eligibility criteria for this therapy are quite stringent, and its efficacy in managing the disease is limited. Additionally, second-line treatments utilizing PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors have proven ineffective. Hence, there's a pressing need for new interventions. Given that approximately one-fifth of these patients possess a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an FGFR inhibitor called Erdafitinib in addressing metastatic urothelial cancer.
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Examine the usage of short-course antibiotic therapy to treat pediatric urinary tract infection
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 15th, 2024
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Amid the escalating concern surrounding antimicrobial resistance, discussions have emerged regarding the utilization of short-course antibiotic regimens as opposed to longer ones, aiming to reduce undue selective pressure for resistant phenotypes. A recent study evaluating the effectiveness of short-course therapy for pediatric urinary tract infections has released its findings in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Examination of the effect of perinatal usage of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines on neonatal health
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 12th, 2024
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In pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2 infection poses risks to both the mother and the fetus. As a result, prioritizing vaccination for this group has been crucial. While earlier observational studies demonstrated vaccine safety for the fetus, they had limitations in the scope of outcomes examined. A recent article in the Journal of the American Medical Association aims to delve deeper into understanding the impact of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines on neonatal health.
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Treating non-small-cell lung cancer with a RET kinase inhibitor, Selpercatinib
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 10th, 2024
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For patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without mutation to the EGFR and ALK, the current standard therapy is a combination of pembrolizumab with a platinum-based drug and pemetrexed. However, little is known about its effect on NSCLC cases with mutation to the RET kinase. Selpercatinib is a highly selective RET kinase inhibitor, so a study was conducted to assess its effectiveness in treating non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Comparing the effectiveness of Selpercatinib to the standard therapy of Vandetanib or Cabozantinib in treating medullary thyroid cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 8th, 2024
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Medullary thyroid cancer is associated with the uncontrollable cell growth associated with mutation to the RET gene. The condition is currently being treated with either Vandetanib or Cabozantinib. These two agents can bind to and inactivate the RET kinase; however, they caused a lot of side effects and resistance against the agents had been reported. As a result, studies had been conducted to find a better treatment. A paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine had assessed the effectiveness of Selpercatinib, a highly-selective RET kinase inhibitor, in treating medullary thyroid cancer.
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Merry Christmas and Happy 2024!!!
The YHCC team wish our readers a merry and blissful 2023 Chirstmas, and new 2024 filled with luck and success
Our team will temporary cease our activities during this festive time between the 4th of December, 2023 to the 8th of January, 2024. During this time, please email [email protected] if you have any question or feedback.
Thank you so much for your support during the past year, and our team will innovate more to better serve the Vietnamese medical community in 2024.
Our team will temporary cease our activities during this festive time between the 4th of December, 2023 to the 8th of January, 2024. During this time, please email [email protected] if you have any question or feedback.
Thank you so much for your support during the past year, and our team will innovate more to better serve the Vietnamese medical community in 2024.
Using beta-amyloid specific antibody, Gantenerumab, to slow down cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer’s disease
Topic: NEUROLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on December 1st, 2023
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Previous studies had shown that beta-amyloid specific antibodies can be utilized to halt the cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer’s disease. However, the degree of clinical benefit is linked to the antibody’s ability of binding and removing the beta-amyloid. Gantenerumab is an antibody that has been proven to have a high affinity to beta-amyloid. Recently, a paper was published in the New England Journal of Medicine reporting the effectiveness of Gantenerumab in managing Alzheimer’s development.
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Alleviating head tremor symptoms with botulinum toxin
Topic: NEUROLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 29th, 2023
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Head tremor is a common movement disorder with a prevalence of approximately 1%. The disease is more common with old age: the disease prevalence increases to 5% in people above 65 years old. Without an effective treatment, the French Ministry of Health had funded a study to examine the possibility of using Botulinum toxin in managing head tremor.
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Preventing Postoperative Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Recurrence with Durvalumab
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 27th, 2023
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In almost 30% of all non-small-cell lung cancer cases, the disease can be treated by surgically removing the tumor. However, disease recurrence happened in about half of these patients within 5 years of resection. Concurrent usage of chemotherapy had only improved the five-year survival rate by 5%. As a result, many attempts had been made to figure out a better solution, including a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine that assessed the usage of Durvalumab.
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The effect of using proton pump inhibitors in the health of children
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 24th, 2023
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Around 70% of infants aged 3 to 4 months encounter gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). In more severe instances, the use of proton pump inhibitors becomes necessary to decrease gastric acid secretion. However, altering the stomach's pH may introduce undesired effects. A recent study delves into the potential risks associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors in pediatric patients.
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Investigating the effectiveness of Nemolizumab, an IL-33 inhibitor, to treat prurigo nodularis
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 22nd, 2023
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Prurigo nodularis, a persistent skin condition influenced by type 2 and type 17 helper T-cells (Th2 and Th17), has seen success with Dupilumab as an initial treatment, given its capacity to hinder IL-4 and IL-17 signaling. Since IL-33, a cytokine released by Th2 cells, is another prospective therapeutic target, a study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Nemolizumab, an inhibitor of IL-33, in managing prurigo nodularis.
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Assessing the Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma in COVID-19-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 20th, 2023
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Convalescent plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, isolated from people previously affected with COVID-19, had been proven to be an effective treatment. However, little is known about the effect of the treatment on patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. A study funded by the Belgian Health Care Knowledge Center was conducted to assess the effectiveness of convalescent plasma in treating COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Patisiran in Transthyretin Amyloidosis: A Promising Intervention for Cardiac Health and Quality of Life
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 17th, 2023
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Transthyretin amyloidosis, stemming from the misfolding of the TTR protein, is a potentially lethal condition associated with cardiomyopathy leading to an average survival time of 2 to 6 years. Patisiran, an RNA interference agent, has the capability to bind to the TTR protein, facilitating its clearance. Consequently, a study was undertaken to explore the therapeutic impact of Patisiran on transthyretin amyloidosis.
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Evaluating Tarlatamab as a Treatment for Recurrent Small-Cell Lung Cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 15th, 2023
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Small-cell lung cancer is known for its aggressive nature and tendency to recur even after initial treatment. Secondary therapy options are limited, with existing treatments demonstrating relatively low effectiveness. Tarlatamab, a bispecific T-cell engager, works by enhancing the detection of cancer cells expressing DLL-3 by the patient's T-cells, thereby increasing the likelihood of destroying these cancer cells. Amgen, a pharmaceutical company, sponsored a study to evaluate the effectiveness of Tarlatamab as a treatment for small-cell lung cancer.
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Potential usage of the anti-inflammatory effect of Simvastatin in COVID-19 patients
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 13th, 2023
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Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with extreme inflammation of the respiratory tract that can be lethal if left unmanaged. Simvastatin is a lipid-lowering medication that exhibits anti-inflammatory effect and has been shown to be beneficial for patients affected with acute respiratory distress syndrome with hyperinflammation. Thus, a study was conducted to assess whether simvastatin can be useful in treating COVID-19.
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Supplementing inhaled amikacin to prevent respiratory infection in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 10th, 2023
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Due to the invasive nature of mechanical ventilation, it frequently increases the risk of respiratory infection that can be fatal. It is possible that antibiotic prophylaxis could be prescribed to these patients to prevent infection. Following this rationale, the French Ministry of Health had sponsored a study to assess the effectiveness of using inhaled amikacin to prevent respiratory infection in patients who were undergoing mechanical ventilation.
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Adding Vancomycin to the Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Regimen of Cefazolin for patients undergone Arthroplasty
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 8th, 2023
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Arthroplasty surgeries to replace or modify knee and hip joints are increasingly common as the population ages. During arthroplasty, first and second cephalosporins, such as cefazolin, are often used to prevent infections. However, with the rise of nosocomial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), there is a need for more effective prophylaxis. To address this concern, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council sponsored a study to assess the effectiveness of adding vancomycin to the prophylaxis regimen for patients undergoing arthroplasty surgery.
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Comparing the Efficacy of Enzalutamide, Leuprolide, and Their Combination in Treating Biochemical Recurrent Prostate Cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 6th, 2023
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Previous surveillance studies had observed that disease recurrence occurs in approximately 50% of prostate cancer patients who received chemotherapy. This disease recurrence is characterized by an increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and the degree of increase is inversely associated with survival. To address this issue, a study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Enzalutamide, an androgen receptor inhibitor, and Leuprolide, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, in treating recurrent prostate cancer.
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Improving Clinical Outcomes in End-Stage Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation with Catheter Ablation
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 3rd, 2023
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Previous myocardial infarction could have caused cell death that can interfere with the normal circulation of blood. This cardiac dysfunction is referred to as heart failure and the interruption of normal electrical conduction can result in atrial fibrillation. Thus, a study was conducted to examine whether the removal of dead tissue with catheter ablation can help improve the clinical outcome of patients with end-stage heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
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Effectiveness of Saw Palmetto Extract in Managing Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Topic: UROLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 1st, 2023
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Saw Palmetto has been widely marketed as an herbal remedy for the treatment and prevention of benign prostatic hyperplasia in older males. While its usage is prevalent globally, there has been a lack of scientific research to substantiate its effectiveness. A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2006 had investigated the efficacy of saw palmetto in managing and preventing benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Evaluating the Efficacy of Dexamethasone in Treating Tuberculous Meningitis in HIV-Positive Adults
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 30th, 2023
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Tuberculous meningitis poses a significant threat to individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as it is both highly prevalent and life-threatening. Previous research had established the potential clinical benefits of using dexamethasone to mitigate the cerebral inflammation induced by the tuberculosis bacteria. Consequently, a study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone as a treatment for tuberculous meningitis in HIV-positive adults.
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Investigating Universal Decolonization in Long-Term Care Facilities to Reduce Infection Risk
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 27th, 2023
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Residents of long-term care facilities are at a higher risk of infection due to their old age, and comorbidities. In addition, previous surveillance had shown that the prevalence of multidrug resistance organisms was 4 to 6 times higher in the nursing home setting than in hospital. Thus, a study was conducted to investigate the potential benefit of universal decolonization can reduce the risk of infection and need for hospitalization
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Evaluating Sarilumab for Polymyalgia Rheumatica Treatment in Older Adults
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 25th, 2023
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Polymyalgia rheumatica, an autoimmune disease primarily affecting individuals over 50 years old, has its root in inflammation triggered by interleukin-6 (IL-6). Current treatment relies on glucocorticoids like prednisone and immunosuppressants such as methotrexate, but these approaches come with side effects and do not offer lasting remission. To address this, a study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Sarilumab, an antibody capable of binding to IL-6 receptors, in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica.
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Comparing Esketamine and Quetiapine in Treating Treatment-Resistant Depression
Topic: PSYCHIATRY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 23rd, 2023
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Between 10% and 30% of all cases of major depressive disorder are resistant to common treatments in the form of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI). Esketamine and Quetiapine are two other alternative treatments. A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of using Esketamine with SSRI and SNRI in treating depression.
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Solanezumab's Impact on Beta-Amyloid and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease Management
Topic: NEUROLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 20th, 2023
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The accumulation of defective beta-amyloid in the brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease interferes with neurotransmission and leads to the clinical manifestations associated with the condition. Thus, clearance of these beta-amyloid plaques can potentially revert the symptoms. Thus, the National Institute on Aging had sponsored a study to investigate the effect of solanezumab in managing Alzheimer’s disease.
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Assessing Edoxaban for Stroke Prevention in patients with Atrial High-Rate Episodes
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 18th, 2023
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Oral anticoagulants are commonly used to manage ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation patients. However, the efficacy of anticoagulants in patients with atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs), a subclinical form of atrial fibrillation, remains uncertain. To address this, the German Center for Cardiovascular Research sponsored a study to investigate the potential benefits of edoxaban in patients with AHREs.
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Assessing Dabrafenib and Trametinib Combination Therapy for Pediatric Glioma with BRAF V600E Mutation
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 16th, 2023
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Glioma is the most common central nervous system tumor in pediatric patients. While resection and chemotherapy have improved the 5-year survival rate to 95%, relapses still occur, necessitating the development of new therapies. About 20% of pediatric low-grade gliomas feature the BRAF V600E mutation. Consequently, a study was conducted to explore whether Dabrafenib, a selective BRAF V600E inhibitor, and Trametinib could offer similar benefits to pediatric patients as they have for adults.
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Exploring the Utility of Fluticasone in COVID-19 Management
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 13th, 2023
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To combat SARS-CoV-2 infection, antiviral treatments are considered optimal. However, their high cost per dose makes them less practical for low-resource settings. Dexamethasone and budesonide have shown promise in managing acute infections. Fluticasone, another glucocorticoid, can be inhaled to reduce inflammation. Hence, a study was conducted to assess the potential of fluticasone in COVID-19 management.
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Comparing the effectiveness of the new 5th generation cephalosporin, ceftobiprole, to daptomycin in treating S. aureus bacteremia
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 11th, 2023
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As the rate of antimicrobial resistance increased, more cases of multidrug resistance bacteria occurred. Even last resort antibiotics such as methicillin had been nullified; thus, there is a need for new antimicrobial agents. Ceftobiprole is a 5th generation cephalosporin that can interfere with the bacteria wall-forming process. Thus, a study was conducted with the sponsorship of the US Department of Health and Human Services to assess its efficacy in treating bacteremia.
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Utilizing the metabolism effect of Pegozafermin to Address Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 9th, 2023
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As industrialization and economic development have led to an increase in the rate of obesity, metabolic diseases like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been on the rise in Vietnam. NASH is characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the liver, leading to inflammation and potential fibrosis. Pegozafermin, a fibroblast growth factor 21, has the potential to enhance fat catabolism. A recent study aimed to investigate whether pegozafermin's metabolic effects could be harnessed for the treatment of NASH.
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Semaglutide's Promising Impact on Heart Failure and Obesity
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 6th, 2023
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Obesity is a contributing factor in the onset and progression of heart failure, exacerbating its symptoms and diminishing the overall quality of life. Semaglutide, a medication originally approved for diabetes management known to induce substantial weight loss, was the subject of a study aiming to investigate whether it could improve clinical outcomes for obese patients with heart failure.
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Using long-term antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent urinary tract infection in pediatric patients with grade III, IV, and V vesicoureteral reflux
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 4th, 2023
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In children diagnosed with moderate-to-severe vesicoureteral reflux, continuous antibiotic therapy is a current practice aimed at lowering the risk of urinary tract infections, which can potentially progress to pyelonephritis and result in kidney scarring. Nevertheless, the prolonged use of antibiotics has the potential to disturb the child's microbiome and contribute to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. As a result, a study was conducted to assess the advantages and potential risks associated with antibiotic prophylaxis in children diagnosed with grade III, IV, and V vesicoureteral reflux.
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Investigating the potential benefits of ferric carboxymaltose supplementation in patients with heart failure
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 2nd, 2023
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Prior reports had indicated a link between heart failure and iron deficiency, which can worsen patient prognosis. Consequently, efforts have been made to comprehend the underlying mechanism of this connection. Nevertheless, there exists limited agreement on the practical advantages of administering iron supplements. Hence, a study was undertaken to shed more light on the impact of ferric carboxymaltose supplementation on the well-being of individuals with heart failure.
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Daily Oral Orforglipron for Adults with Obesity
Topic: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Reviewed & translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A
Edited by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on September 29th, 2023
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Obesity is a high-risk disease and a precursor to several diseases relating to the cardiovascular system. Orforglipron is a glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist orforglipron that can reduce appetite. However, its efficacy and safety is unknown. Thus, a study was conducted to examine the effectiveness and safety of orforglipron for weight reduction in adults with obesity.
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Cannabis usage disorder can increase the risk of psychiatric disorders
Topic: PSYCHIATRY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 27th, 2023
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Cannabis usage and addiction had been linked to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. However, the association has not been well-characterized in the literature. This prospective cohort study was conducted in Denmark to examine the the relationship between cannabis use disorder to depression and bipolar disorder.
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Inflammation in the brain linked to COVID-19 may lead to depressive symptoms and hinder cognitive abilities
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 25th, 2023
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Previous studies had observed depression, cognitive impairment, and anhedonia to be post-COVID-19 sequelae; however, the exact mechanism behind this association is not known. Thus, a study, recently published to the Journal of the American Medical Association, had investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the brain, especially compartments that can be associated with mood disorder and mental faculty.
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Improving the cardiovascular well-being of individuals with HIV through the application of pitavastatin
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Reviewed by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A
Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on September 22nd, 2023
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Pitavastatin is used to reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels in blood, and it can promote cardiovascular health by enhancing the synthesis of good cholesterol (HDL). Individuals living chronic HIV infection had a higher risk of cardiovascular disease; the actual nature of this association is not known. Thus, researchers conducted a study to examine the possibility of using pitavastatin to prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with HIV infection.
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The possibility of using Atezolizumab to treat alveolar soft part sarcoma
Topic: ONCOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 20th, 2023
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Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma that has a 5-year survival rate between 20% and 46%. Since there was not any approved therapy for ASPS, a study was conducted to investigate the potential usage of Atezolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor that blocks programmed death ligand 1. Due to its promising result, Atezolizumab had been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for ASPS.
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Treating solid tumors with KRAS G12C mutation by using Divarasib
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 18th, 2023
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Previous studies had shown that 12% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 4% of colorectal cancer cases possess a glycine-to-cysteine mutation at the 12th amino acid of the KRAS protein. These cases of cancer are frequently treated with anti-tumor agents like Sotorasib and Adagrasib; however, their efficacy is suboptimal. Thus, amore potent KRAS G12C inhibitor is needed. Recently, a study published their findings on the effectiveness and safety of Divarasib in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Relieving postoperative pain using a novel NaV1.8 voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitor
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Reviewed by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A
Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on September 15th, 2023
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NaV1.8 voltage-gated sodium channel is responsible for transmitting nociceptive signals in the peripheral nervous system. Previous studies have shown that VX-548 can selectively inhibit the NaV1.8 channel in vitro and reduce acute pain in vivo. Thus, researchers conducted a study to examine the effectiveness and safety of using oral VX-548 in patients who are experiencing postoperative acute pain.
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The effect of low-saturated fat, heart-healthy diet on cognitive decline and the risk of Alzheimer’s dementia
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 13th, 2023
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Although there have been many therapies approved to treat Alzheimer’s disease, there has been little progress in investigating the optimal prevention method. Since the Western high-fat diet had been associated with increased risk of many chronic diseases, and the Mediterranean diet had been shown to be beneficial, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary change on the risk of Alzheimer’s.
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Possibility of using Retatrutide, a new hormone receptor agonist, to treat obesity
Topic: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 8th, 2023
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Retatrutide is a new agent produced by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly that can act as an agonist to the glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. Thus, the agent can compete with these molecules for the receptor and block the signaling pathway that would lead to energy storage and fat accumulation. Information about the effectiveness and safety of Retatrutide had recently been published to the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Improving treatment adherence and glycemic control with weekly insulin injection
Topic: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 6th, 2023
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Daily injection of insulin is the current glycemic control strategy in patients living with diabetes; however, treatment adherence is low due to the high frequency. As a result, the effectiveness of daily insulin glargine U100 injection can be lowered. Thus, a study was conducted to assess the feasibility of an once-per-week injection of insulin icodec in controlling blood glucose level.
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NI006, a novel monoclonal antibody to treat transthyretin amyloidosis
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 04th, 2023
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Transthyretin is used as a transporter to traffick thyroxine and retinol to the liver via the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. However, when misfolded, transthyretin can deposit in the myocardium which causes stiffness. As more transthyretin accumulates, the amyloidosis can impair diastolic function which can lead to arrhythmia and fatal systolic dysfunction. Currently, Tafamidis is the only approved treatment for transthyretin amyloidosis that can effectively reduce the morbidity; however, Tafamidis does not prevent disease progression. A study had been conducted to investigate the possibility of using a novel agent called NI006 to treat transthyretin amyloidosis.
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Using novel RNA interference agent, Zilebesiran, to treat hypertension
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 30th, 2023
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Angiotensinogen, as a precursor of angiotensin, plays a key role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Zilebesiran is a novel RNA interference agent that can bind to hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors and inhibits synthesis of angiotensinogen in the liver. A study was sponsored by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals to assess the effectiveness and safety of Zilebesiran as a treatment for hypertension.
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Comparison of the effectiveness between tenofovir alafenamide vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for hepatitis B virus infection after 96-week treatment regimen
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Reviewed & translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A
Edited by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on August 28th, 2023
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Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) was a new form of tenofovir which was developed to treat patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection at a lower dose than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Studies have shown that TAF are delivered to hepatocytes more efficiently. However, the improvement of the renal and bone safety of TAF and TDF was unknown. Thus, a study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection.
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Immunization of expecting mothers to protect their children against Streptococcus group B infection
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Reviewed & translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A
Edited by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on August 23rd, 2023
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Many history studies showed that serotype-specific anti–capsular polysaccharide (CPS) IgG in newborns correlated with a reduced risk of group B streptococcal disease. A hexavalent CPS–cross-reactive material 197 glycoconjugate vaccine (GBS6) is being developed as a maternal vaccine to prevent invasive group B streptococcus in young infants. Thus, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of maternal GBS6 vaccine to prevent group B Streptococcus for infants.
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Reducing the type 2 inflammation underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder with dupilumab
Topic: RESPIRATORY
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on August 21st, 2023
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The pathophysiology behind chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) is driven by type 2 inflammation which is coordinated by cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that can bind to a receptor that is shared between IL-4 and IL-13. It was hypothesized that the interruption of dupilumab can reduce the intensity of inflammation and the severity of COPD.
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The clinical effect of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel CAR T-cells in treating Large B-Cell Lymphoma
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on August 16th, 2023
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High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT) is the first-line treatment for large B-cell lymphoma. However, only half of all patients are eligible for this treatment approach. And for those who are treated with HDT-ASCT, the cured rate is only 20%. For patients who cannot receive this treatment, the median survival time is only 4.4 months. Axicabtagene ciloleucel, is a novel therapy option that had shown promising results in early trials, so a study was performed to assess its potential usage to treat large B-cell lymphoma.
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Possibility of using tranexamic acid to reduce the risk of death due to hemorrhage
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on August 14th, 2023
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Following traumatic accidents, excessive loss of blood can lead to tissue damage and hemorrhagic shock. Thus, it is possible that preventing this blood loss before hospital admission can decrease the risk of death. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent that has been widely used to control hemorrhage. A study was conducted to assess the effect of prehospital tranexamic acid in preventing death after trauma.
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The effectiveness osimertinib in treating non-small-cell lung cancer
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on August 9th, 2023
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The current treatment regimen for non-small-cell lung cancer included a surgical resection of the tumor followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the latter long-term treatment had low efficacy in preventing recurrence and death, especially in patients with mutation to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Osimertinib is an agent that can bind to and inhibit both wild type and mutant EGFR. AstraZeneca had sponsored a study to assess the effectiveness of Osimertinib, and the finding had been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Pirtobrutinib, a novel BTK inhibitors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Thien Duc Le |
Posted on August 7th, 2023
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BTK inhibitors such as ibrutinib, and zanubrutinib are safe and effective treatments for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, resistance can be acquired in the form of C481 mutation. Thus, venetoclax can be used for these cases; however, its usage required careful dose-escalation in an inpatient setting. Recently, Pirtobrutinib, a new BTK inhibitor, has been assessed to see if it can be utilized to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and the result from the investigation has been published onto the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Treating chronic Hepatitis D infection with bulevirtide, a bile-acid transporter inhibitor
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Thien Duc Le |
Posted on August 2nd, 2023
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To enter and infect hepatocytes, Hepatitis D viruses (HDV) must use the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Thus, a person can be infected with both Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis D viruses. This co-infection increases the risk of cirrhosis and carcinoma. It is possible to suppress HBV proliferation, but there is currently no approved treatment for HDV. Besides HBsAg, HDV can use the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) to enter liver cells. Thus, Bulevirtide, an inhibitor of NTCP, was tested for its potential clinical benefit in treating Hepatitis D infection.
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Using mirikizumab, a monoclonal antibody that can inhibit interleukin-23, to treat ulcerative colitis
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Thien Duc Le |
Posted on July 31st, 2023
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Due to its pro-inflammatory effect in ulcerative colitis, many therapeutic agents that inhibit IL-23 have been tested and approved to be used in the United States. IL-23 can be divided into two subunits: the p40 and p19 subunits. Previous phase 2 clinical trial study had shown Mirikizumab, an antibody that can target the p19 subunit of IL-23, can be a promising treatment. Thus, the pharmaceutical company, Eli Lilly, had sponsored a phase 3 clinical trial to assess the effectiveness and safety of Mirikizumab in treating ulcerative colitis.
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Early versus late initiation of anticoagulation to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrilation
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Thien Duc Le |
Posted on July 26th, 2023
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It had been previously demonstrated that the usage of anticoagulants reduces the likelihood of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism in those who are experiencing atrial fibrillation. But there is currently no consensus on the timing of anticoagulant initiation. Late initiation can increase the risk of ischemic events, and early initiation can increase the risk of hemorrhage. Thus, a study was conducted to compare the effectiveness and safety between early and late initiation of anticoagulants.
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Investigating the effectiveness of the novel JYNNEOS vaccine in preventing monkeypox infection
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 24th, 2023
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In September 2022, the first case of monkeypox infection was reported in Vietnam. Worldwide, the number of cases have surpassed 100,000; thus, the development of preventive vaccines is the utmost priority. In 2019, the Food and Drug Administration in the United States had approved the usage of the JYNNEOS vaccine, and the Center of Disease Control and Prevention had sponsored a study to assess its effectiveness in preventing monkeypox.
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Treating major depressive disorder without psychotic features: subanesthetic ketamine versus electroconvulsive therapy
Topic: PSYCHIATRY
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 19th, 2023
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For nearly a century, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) had been the standard treatment for major depressive disorder. Despite its effectiveness, application of ECT is still limited due to social stigma, the need for anesthesia, and the elevated risk of cognitive impairment. In the recent decades, ketamine has also been used as an antidepressant treatment for patients without psychotic features. However, it is currently unknown if one treatment is inferior to the other; thus, a study has been conducted to compare the effectiveness in treating nonpsychotic major depressive disorder between ECT and ketamine.
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Using the anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone to treat chronic subdural hematoma instead of burr-hole craniostomy
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 17th, 2023
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Over the past decades, the prevalence of chronic subdural hematoma has been increasing in many developed nations. This can be explained by the aging of the population and the usage of anticoagulants to treat cardiovascular conditions. Burr-hole craniostomy is needed to drain the hematoma; this is an effective procedure but there is an increased risk of death. It is hypothesized that the inflammatory reaction exacerbates the hematoma by accumulating liquid and increasing clotting incidence. Thus, a study was conducted to investigate the potential usage of dexamethasone in treating chronic subdural hematoma.
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Early detection and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 12th, 2023
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Gestational diabetes is a commonly occurring complication and it can increase the risk of events that can negatively affect the health of both the mother and neonates. Mother had a higher risk of pre-eclampsia and the need of obstetrical intervention. The diabetes can also cause the fetus to grow larger than expected and increase the risk of shoulder dystocia and trauma. Screening and treatment are recommended at gestational week 24, which effectively lower the amount of adverse outcomes. So, a study was performed in Australia and New Zealand to investigate whether treatment at the 20th week can produce the same level of benefit.
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Dostarlimab, a novel immunotherapy for endometrial cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on July 10th, 2023
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The combination chemotherapy of carboplatin and paclitaxel has been used as the first-line treatment for endometrial cancer, but their long-term outcomes are relatively poor. Dostarlimab is an monoclonal antibody that can target the PD-1 receptors that are highly expressed by certain subset of endometrial tumor cells. Thus, the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline had sponsored a study to assess the efficacy and safety of dostarlimab as a immunotherapy for endometrial cancer.
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Assessing the effectiveness of the Meningococcal ACWYX Conjugate Vaccine in children and young adults
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Reviewed & translated by An Duc Thien Le
Edited by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on July 5th, 2023
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Among the six serogroups of meningococcal (A, B, C, W, X, Y), serogroup A was identified as the primary cause of the majority of cases. However, thanks to the extensive vaccination program involving the MenACWY-D vaccine, the impact of serogroup A was effectively controlled and managed. Recently, the incidence rate is rising again due to other serogroups especially serogroup X as it is not included in the current four quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate MenACWY-D vaccine. Thus, a study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness and safety of novel pentavalent meningococcal ACWYX conjugate vaccine (NmCV-5).
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Managing Crohn’s disease with the Jak-inhibitor, Upadacitinib
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on July 3rd, 2023
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Many immune cells utilize the JAK-STAT pathway to induce a pro-inflammatory reaction; thus, inhibition of these proteins can reduce the severity of Crohn’s disease. Upadacitinib is a Jak inhibitor that had previously been approved to manage atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, a study had been conducted to assess the efficacy of upadacitinib in treating Crohn’s disease
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The effect of glucocorticoids in community-acquired pneumonia
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 28th, 2023
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The inflammation associated with pneumonia can result in gas exchange impairment and the degree of inflammation correlates with the risk of death. Glucocorticoids, such as hydrocortisone, have a strong anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, a study was conducted to investigate its effect in reducing mortality associated with community-acquired pneumonia.
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Oral Vitamin D supplementation in infants born with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on June 26th, 2023
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Maternal-fetal transfer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is an important factor for bone development in the neonates. Thus, a low maternal level of 25[OH]D can lead to vitamin D deficiency and has a negative effect on bone health. Thus, a study examined the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation to children whose serum 25[OH]D level is low.
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Treating Trichuris trichiura and hookworm infection with Emodepside
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le |
Posted on June 21st, 2023
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Albendazole had been used as a broad-spectrum anti-helminths with satisfactory efficacy against Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworms. However, albendazole is not very effective against Trichuris trichiura. Recent in vitro studies had shown that emodepside had exhibited great activity against soil-transmitted helminths. Thus, the European Research Council had sponsored a study to assess emodepside’s effect in treating Trichuris trichiura and hookworm infection.
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Using rifapentine as a prophylaxis to prevent community spread of leprosy
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on June 14th, 2023
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Leprosy is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. Besides treating the index case, transmission can be prevented by prophylaxis. Dapsone and acedapsone had previously been used as prophylaxis, but their efficacy is low due to a long treatment period that causes poor adherence. Rifampin and rifapentine exhibit a strong bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium leprae; thus, a study had investigated their effectiveness as prophylaxis for leprosy.
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Using a combination of Cabozantinib plus Nivolumab and Ipilimumab to treat Renal-Cell Carcinoma
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on June 12th, 2023
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The immune checkpoint inhibitors, cabozantinib and nivolumab, are the first-line therapies for renal cell carcinoma; however, the effectiveness rate of these treatments can be suboptimal. Tyrosine kinase is a major signal transducer for various pathways that can benefit the tumor such as growth, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and metastasis. Thus, it is an essential target for antitumor therapy. Cabozantinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and a study was conducted to assess its efficacy and safety when used with the immune checkpoint inhibitor to treat renal cell carcinoma.
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Reducing the severity of anaphylaxis reaction to peanut in children by desensitization with epicutaneous immunotherapy
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on June 7th, 2023
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Managing peanut allergy in the pediatric population can be challenging because the affected children are less capable in avoiding the allergen. In the worst case scenario, the child can undergo a lethal anaphylaxis reaction. Thus, a study has been performed to assess whether exposure to a small dose of peanut allergen can desensitize an allergic child and alleviate the disease burden.
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Comparing the effectiveness of venetoclax to other antitumor therapies in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Topic: ONCOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on June 5th, 2023
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Previous clinical studies have found that the combination of venetoclax and obinutuzumab is effective in enhancing the progression-free survival time in patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, little is known about the efficacy of this combination relative to other first-line therapy. Thus, a randomized, controlled study was conducted to compare the health outcomes of CLL patients treated with the venetoclax-obinutuzumab combo to other recommended regimens.
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Combining trifluridine, tipiracil with bevacizumab to treat refractory metastatic colorectal cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 31st, 2023
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After first diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer, the patients will generally be treated with a wide variety of chemotherapy. However, disease still progressed in some of the patients; these cases are considered to be refractory. The combination of trifluridine and tipiracil had been proven to be an useful tool for treating metastatic colorectal cancer. Bevacizumab, a VEGF inhibitor, is another therapy that has clear clinical benefits in slowing down disease progression. Thus, a study was performed to assess the effectiveness of combining bevacizumab with trifluridine and tipiracil in treating refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Potential usage of the BCG vaccine’s effect on preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on May 29th, 2023
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The bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine had been widely used to prevent tuberculosis. It has been observed that BCG helps reduce the risk of respiratory infections in adults. The off-target effect might be a result of the epigenetic changes made to immune cells which might be pro-inflammatory and accelerate the clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Aiming to utilize this immunomodulatory effect, a study, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, had investigated the usage of BCG in preventing COVID-19.
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The effectiveness of intranasal corticosteroids in treating chronic rhinosinusitis and its effect on the microbiome
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on May 24th, 2023
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To alleviate the consistent inflammation caused by chronic sinusitis, intranasal corticosteroids are administered. However, there is little evidence about the efficacy in the pediatric population. Plus, the effect of intranasal corticosteroids on the nasal microbiome is unknown. A study, recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, had investigated how the effect intranasal corticosteroids has on the quality of life of children with chronic sinusitis.
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Using sotatercept to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on May 17th, 2023
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The excessive proliferation of smooth muscle and endothelial cells around the pulmonary artery can narrow its diameter and lead to hypertension. Recent studies have found that the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays an important role in this proliferation. Sotatercept is a fusion protein containing the binding portion of the ActRIIA receptor that can bind to TGF-β. Thus, the pharmaceutical company MSD had sponsored a study to investigate the effect of Sotatercept in treating pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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The effectiveness and safety of the RSVpreF vaccine when used in the elders
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on May 15th, 2023
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RSV infection in the elderly is especially worrisome because it can be exacerbated by coexisting conditions. Currently, there has not been any vaccine approved for this demographic. The pharmaceutical company Pfizer had funded a study that investigated the effectiveness of the bivalent RSV prefusion F protein−based (RSVpreF) vaccine in preventing infection in the elderly.
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Using the RSVpreF vaccine during pregnancy to prevent RSV infection in infants
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on May 10th, 2023
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Infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of death in children younger than 6 months old who live in low to middle income countries. Vaccinating the expecting mother can lead to transplacental transfer of protective antibodies, which have been effective against tetanus, pertussis, and SARS-CoV-2. Thus, a study, funded by Pfizer, was conducted to investigate whether the maternal immunization with the RSVpreF vaccine can be used to prevent illness in neonates
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Preventing obstetrical hemorrhage after cesarean delivery with tranexamic acid
Topic: OBGYN
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on May 3rd, 2023
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Postpartum hemorrhage accounts for 27.1% of maternal death annually. Fibrinolytic activity after the placenta delivery increases the risk of hemorrhage. Tranexamic acid can improve hemostasis by preventing clot breakdown. Thus, a study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic tranexamic acid in preventing hemorrhage in pregnant women who had cesarean delivery
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Managing blood cholesterol level in statin-intolerant patients with bempedoic acid
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on May 1st, 2023
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Statin is activated by the peripheral tissue so its usage is associated with many adverse effects to the skeletal muscle. Bempedoic acid is metabolized in the liver; thus, the agent has less negative impact. Thus, Esperion Therapeutics had funded a study to investigate the effectiveness of bempedoic acid in managing hypercholesterolemia.
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Treating cryptococcal meningitis with liposomal amphotericin B
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on April 26th, 2023
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Due to their immunodeficiency, HIV infected patients are more susceptible to opportunistic infections. Cryptococcal meningitis is the second leading cause of HIV-related death. The high mortality is due to either the ineffectiveness of the fluconazole or the high toxicity of the long-course amphotericin B deoxycholate. Liposomal amphotericin B can be given at a higher dose due to its lower rate of side effects. Compounded with its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and long half-life, a study had been conducted to examine the usage of Liposomal amphotericin B antifungal combination therapy in treating cryptococcal meningitis.
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The efficacy and safety of baxdrostat in treating hypertension
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on April 24th, 2023
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Aldosterone can increase the rate of sodium reabsorption and water retention; thus, it can enhance risk of hypertension. Thus, in order to manage the condition, aldosterone synthase has been an ideal pharmaceutical target. CinCor Pharma had funded a study to examine the effect of baxdrostat, a highly selective aldosterone synthase inhibitor, on managing hypertension.
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The effectiveness of adding oral corticosteroids to the standard NSAIDs therapy to treat Tietze syndrome
Topic: ORTHOPEDIC
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on April 19th, 2023
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Tietze syndrome is hallmarked by the irritation and inflammation of the joint connecting the ribs to the sternum. This leads to pain in the costochondral and sternochondral regions of the chest that can be misdiagnosed for either angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. The condition is frequently treated with over-the-counter pain relievers. A group of researchers had conducted a study with a hypothesis that the addition of corticosteroids can help manage Tietze syndrome.
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Using GD2-CART01 cells to treat neuroblastoma in pediatric patients
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on April 17th, 2023
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Neuroblastoma is one of the most common causes of cancer death in pediatric patients. Disialoganglioside GD2 is highly expressed by neuroblastoma cells; thus, monoclonal antibody treatment has yielded positive outcomes. T-cells with chimeric antigen receptors, also known as CAR-T cells, is the novel method of cancer treatment; the T-cells were engineered to express receptors that can bind to specific cellular antigen and induce death in the expressing cell. Thus, the Italian Medicines Agency had sponsored a study to investigate the effect of the GD2-CART01 CAR-T cells in treating neuroblastoma
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Post-exposure prophylaxis with doxycycline to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on April 12th, 2023
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Bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STI) like chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea can increase the susceptibility to HIV infection. Thus, it is essential to prevent and treat these STIs. Doxycycline is a low-cost antibiotic that has limited drug-to-drug interactions. Thus, the National Institute of Health had commissioned a study to investigate the possibility of using doxycycline as a post-exposure prophylaxis.
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Using vedolizumab monoclonal antibody to treat chronic pouchitis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on April 10th, 2023
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In some patients with ulcerative colitis, the condition can be treated with a restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA). However, many of them develop chronic pouchitis after the procedure. Vedolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that can bind to the α4β7 integrin and reduce inflammation in the GI tract. Thus, a study, funded by Takeda, was conducted to investigate if vedolizumab can be used to treat chronic pouchitis.
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Reduce the risk of nonvertebral fracture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis by using strontium ranelate
Topic: ORTHOPEDIC
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on April 5th, 2023
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Strontium ranelate can act on osteoblasts to enhance the efficiency of the bone formation process and inhibits the resorption process of osteoblasts. Thus, the agent had been used to manage osteoporosis. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism had assessed the effectiveness of strontium ranelate in preventing fractures in patients with osteoporosis.
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Peripartum usage of azithromycin prophylaxis to prevent sepsis in women who delivered with vaginal birth
Topic: OBGYN
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on April 3rd, 2023
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Peripartum bacterial infection is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide; thus, antibiotic prophylaxis would normally be used. In case a cesarean section is to be performed, intravenous infusion of azithromycin is initiated immediately after labor has started. Due to the positive effect, this practice had been recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. But it is still unknown whether this practice yields any favorable results in cases of vaginal birth. A study recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine had assessed the effect of peripartum azithromycin on the health of the mother and neonates.
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Summer publication schedule
From January 4th 2023, the YHCC team will change its publication schedule and will post new articles weekly on Monday and Wednesday. This change was applied to be more suitable with the summer schedule of our volunteers.
Weight management with Tirzepatide in people with obesity
TOPIC: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on March 31st, 2023
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Tirzepatide had previously been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to manage type 2 diabetes. The agent mimics the insulinotropic effect of the naturally produced gastric inhibitory polypeptide. Since weight loss was a side effect of the medication when used to manage type 2 diabetes, Eli Lilly had sponsored a study to investigate the potential usage of tirzepatide in managing obesity.
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Reduce the incidence of bone fracture in women with osteopenia with zoledronate
Topic: ORTHOPEDIC
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on March 29th, 2023
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Bisphosphonate, such as zoledronate, is widely used to prevent fractures in those who are experiencing osteoporosis by disrupting the bone resorption process of osteoclasts. Thus, it is possible that bisphosphonate can slow down the rate of bone degradation in patients with osteopenia. Thus, the Health Research Council of New Zealand had sponsored a study, with medication provided by Novartis, to investigate the possible usage of zoledronate to prevent fractures in patients with osteopenia.
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Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection with monoclonal antibodies combination of tixagevimab and cilgavimab
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on March 27th, 2023
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To prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, immunization is the most effective method. However, certain individuals cannot be vaccinated due to immunocompetency problems. Thus, the AstraZeneca pharmaceutical company had sponsored a study to assess the effectiveness of the monoclonal antibody combination of tixagevimab and cilgavimab in preventing COVID-19.
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Combining Lebrikizumab and Topical Corticosteroids to Treat Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on March 24th, 2023
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Atopic dermatitis is currently being treated with topical corticosteroids to varying degrees of effectiveness. The disease severity is inversely correlated with the level of Interleukin-13 production. Lebrikizumab is an antibody that can bind to and neutralize the proinflammatory Interleukin-13. Thus, a study, with funding from the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly, was conducted to assess the effectiveness using lebrikizumab to treat atopic dermatitis.
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The effectiveness and safety of spironolactone in treating acne
Topic: DERMATOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on March 22nd, 2023
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Spironolactone is a steroid-based diuretic that has been widely used to treat hypertension. Due to its structural similarity with other hormones such as aldosterone and estrogen, many had hypothesized that it can be utilized to treat acne vulgaris. Thus, the National Institute for Health and Care Research of the United Kingdoms had sponsored a study that investigated the effect of spironolactone in treating acne.
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Testing two different metronidazole treatment schedule for trichomoniasis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 20th, 2023
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Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection, and Metronidazole is the preferred treatment for trichomoniasis. However, there is a lack of consensus on what is the most appropriate dose. Thus, the National Institute of Health sponsored a study to compare the effectiveness between the one day high-dose vs. the 7-day-dose of Metronidazole in treating trichomoniasis.
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Testing the usage of a short regimen therapy to treat tuberculosis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 13th, 2023
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The current regimen most commonly used to treat tuberculosis includes rifampin for 6 months. This strategy is highly effective when implemented perfectly; however, the long-term duration of the treatment limits the effectiveness in underdeveloped areas. Thus, the Singapore National Medical Research Council had conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of a shorter regimen in treating tuberculosis.
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Possible usage of nicotinamide to prevent skin cancer in transplant recipients
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 10th, 2023
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To lower the odds of graft rejection, organ transplant recipients must be placed in an immunosuppressive state. However, this inhibits the body’s anti-tumor capability and increases the risk of skin cancer. In vitro, Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) can enhance the efficiency of the DNA repair mechanism after damage from UV radiation. Thus, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council had sponsored a study to investigate the possible usage of nicotinamide in preventing keratinocyte cancer in organ transplant recipients
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Using hydrochlorothiazide diuretics to prevent nephrolithiasis
Topic: UROLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 8th, 2023
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Thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide, are frequently given to prevent recurrent nephrolithiasis. However, there is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of this treatment and what the most appropriate dose would be. Thus, a study, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, was conducted to investigate the clinical effect of various hydrochlorothiazide doses in preventing kidney stone formation.
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Investigate the appropriate antibiotic therapy for severe scrub typhus
Topic: ONCOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 6th, 2023
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Pembrolizumab is an antibody that can bind to PD-1 and lead to an antitumor response. The agent had been used as an adjuvant after tumor resection surgery to eliminate any remaining cancerous cells. As PD-1 inactivates antitumor T-cell, it might also be beneficial to provide pembrolizumab as a neoadjuvant before surgery. A study comparing the effectiveness of using the neoadjuvant plus adjuvant combination to just using adjuvant.
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Investigate the appropriate antibiotic therapy for severe scrub typhus
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 3rd, 2023
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Severe scrub typhus is an emerging zoonotic infection caused by the bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi. The bacteria is spread by a mite that has been found in many regions in Southeast asia. Globally, there are approximately 1 million cases of severe scrub typhus which resulted in 150,000 deaths every year. Despite the great disease burden, there has not been any consensus about the most appropriate antibiotic. Thus, a study funded by the Wellcome Trust was conducted to compare the effectiveness of doxycycline, azithromycin, or both in treating severe scrub typhus.
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Treating castration-resistant, metastatic prostate cancer with rucaparib
Topic: ONCOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 1st, 2023
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Rucaparib is an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) which can be used to suppress tumor cells. The PARP inhibitor disables the DNA repair mechanism that tumor cells used to survive. Thus, a study had been conducted to assess the effectiveness of Rucaparib in treating prostate cancers with mutations to either the BRCA or ATM genes.
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Experimental ultrasound ablation of the globus pallidus to manage Parkison’s disease
Topic: NEUROLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 27th, 2023
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Recently, deep brain stimulation has been utilized to treat Parkinson’s disease. However, this procedure requires open brain surgery and frequent visits to the hospital for maintenance of the device. Thus, a less invasive method and requires less upkeep would be more efficient. A recent study sponsored by the medical device company Insightec had published their findings on the effectiveness of using ultrasound ablation to manage Parkinson’s.
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Using the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) to prevent pneumonia in the elderly population
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 24th, 2023
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In 2013, the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was approved for pediatric usage in the United States. After 3 years of implementation, there was a steep decline in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease. Thus, the vaccine was recommended for the elderly population and the surveillance study conducted since 2014 had published their findings in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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The safety profile and efficacy of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) in children younger than 5 years old
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 22nd, 2023
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In most cases, SARS-CoV-2 causes mild to moderate disease in children under the age of 5. However, there have been many severe infections in the form of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) which can lead to death. However, there is no research on the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine in young children. Thus, the pharmaceutical companies Pfizer and BioNTech had conducted a study to investigate the effect of the BNT162b2 vaccine in children below 5 years old.
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RSVPreF3 OA, a novel vaccine to prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE, RESPIRATORY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 20th, 2023
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Annually, many elderly people experience severe and lethal infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). There is currently no available vaccine to prevent this infection; thus, the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline had created one that targets the F glycoprotein on RSV. This structure is essential for viral binding and cell entry, so the study theorized that the AS01E-adjuvanted RSV prefusion F protein–based candidate vaccine (RSVPreF3 OA) can be effective at preventing RSV infection.
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Using interferon lambda as a potential antiviral against SARS-CoV-2
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 17th, 2023
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As a defense against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cells in the human upper respiratory tract produce Interferon Lambda to inhibit viral replication. The cytokine had previously been utilized to help patients with Hepatitis B and C. A group of scientists had recently tested the effect of pegylated interferon lambda in treating patients that had been diagnosed with COVID-19 infection.
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The effectiveness of 4CMenB vaccine in preventing invasive meningococcal disease in children
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 17th, 2023
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Neisseria meningitidis is the major bacterial cause behind invasive meningitis in children. The four-component protein-based meningococcal B vaccine (4CMenB) is sold by the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline under the brand name Bexsero and has been widely used worldwide. A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine had published their finding on the effectiveness of the 4CMenB vaccine on preventing infection in young children.
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Possibility of using VV116, a Remdesivir analogue, to treat COVID-19
Topic: ONCOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 15th, 2023
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The antiviral combination of Nirmaterlvir and Ritonavir is currently being recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to treat mild-to-moderate COVID-19. However, worldwide access to this medication is very limited, and it cannot be widely used due to the high amount of drug-to-drug interactions. Remdesivir is another antiviral recommended by the WHO, but its usage is restricted to inpatient settings because the agent needed to be administered intravenously. VV116 is an analogue to Remdesivir that can be taken orally; a recent study conducted by manufacturing pharmaceutical company, Vigonvita Life Sciences, had compare the clinical efficacy and safety profile of VV116 to the Nirmaterlvir and Ritonavir combination
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Comparing the efficacy and safety of zanubrutinib to ibrutinib, the current first line treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 13th, 2023
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Ibrutinib is a first generation BKT inhibitor that has been used as a first-line treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma. However, the medication is not well tolerated due to its severe adverse effects. Zanubrutnib is a second generation molecule that has greater specificity to BKT. A recent study had been conducted to investigate whether the higher specificity of Zanubrutinib translated to a higher degree of efficacy and better tolerated side effects.
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The effectiveness of using sotorasib to treat pancreatic cancer with G12C KRAS mutation
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 10th, 2023
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The KRAS protein is extremely essential for the intracellular signaling required for cellular development. Mutations in this protein frequently disrupt the cell cycle and increase the risk of cancer. A glycine-to-cysteine mutation at amino acid position #12 (G12C) of the KRAS protein is the underlying cause behind 1% to 2% of all pancreatic cancer cases. Due to the high toxicity of the current treatment, a new therapy is needed. Sotorasib is a small molecule that can bind to and inactivate the mutated G12C KRAS, and a recent study conducted by Amgen had recently released their findings on the medication’s effectiveness.
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Potential usage of anti-amyloid beta antibody to prevent Alzheimer’s progression
Topic: NEUROLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 8th, 2023
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Alzheimer’s is caused by the over-accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta protein inside the brain. These amyloid plaque can interfere with the normal function of neurons and lead to dementia. Lecanemab is an antibody that can bind to these amyloid beta proteins which can result in the clearance of these clumps. A recent study had examined the effectiveness of Lecanemab in preventing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease
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Effectiveness of using bivalent Pfizer booster vaccine in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 6th, 2023
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As more people are immunized against SARS-CoV-2, and the virus mutated to be less lethal, COVID-19 has transformed from a pandemic to an endemic, like influenza. Despite this shift, it is still important to maintain high vaccination rates to reduce the risk of mutation that can generate new variants and to protect members of vulnerable groups such as the elders. The two pharmaceutical companies, Pfizer and BioNTech - the manufacturers of the BNT162b2 vaccine - had recently released their finding on the effectiveness of a bivalent vaccine vs. the current vaccine in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2.
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Combination therapy of Adagrasib and Cetuximab in treating metastatic colorectal cancer with G12C KRAS mutation
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 3rd, 2023
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KRAS is a major oncogene that contributes to the development of approximately half of all colorectal cancer cases. The glycine-to-cysteine mutation at amino acid position #12 (G12C) causes the KRAS protein to be stuck in its active form, leading to continuous signaling that can lead to cancerous development. This form of KRAS mutation is responsible for 3% - 4% of all colorectal cancer cases. Adagrasib is a small-molecule agent that can selectively bind to and inhibit G12C KRAS signaling. Thus, Adagrasib monotherapy is promising, but cancer cells can utilize signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway to reactivate G12C KRAS. The KRYSTAL-1 study had investigated the effectiveness of combining Adagrasib with an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, in the form of Cetuximab.
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Comparing the usage of aspirin and heparin in preventing blood clot in patient who had experienced fracture
Topic: ORTHOPEDIC
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on January 27th, 2023
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Patients who had suffered an orthopedic trauma experienced an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Low-molecular-weight heparin is recommended as prophylaxis to prevent blood clot for patients who have had a fracture. A recent study found that aspirin can also be used as an effective thromboprophylaxis with less adverse effects. But there has not been any direct comparison between heparin and aspirin in preventing blood clot. The Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC) had recently published their findings on the effectiveness of aspirin versus heparin.
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Using delay-released linaclotide (MD-7246) to manage irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on January 27th, 2023
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A previous phase 3 clinical trial had shown that linaclotide can alleviate abdominal discomfort in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation. The agent acts on the guanylate cyclase-C on intestinal epithelial cells to increase fluid secretion. The delayed-release formulation 2 of linaclotide (MD-7246) was designed to act in the distal region of the ileocaecal junction and cecum, and a recent study had investigated its effectiveness in treating IBS with diarrhea.
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The effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib in treating ulcerative colitis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on January 25th, 2023
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Tofacitinib is an oral Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor that interferes with the STAT activation needed for pro-inflammatory cytokine production. After the positive results from the OCTAVE clinical trial, the agent was approved to manage ulcerative colitis. However, the observation period of the initial trial was too short, and it lacked generalizability. Thus, a recent study was conducted to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of Tofacitinib.
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Investigating the possible benefit of Astegolimab and Efmarodocokin Alfa in treating severe COVID-19 pneumonia
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on January 23rd, 2023
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) had been associated with severe and lethal COVID-19. The syndrome was characterized with an hyperexpression of the pro-inflammatory IL-33 and a downregulation of the protective IL-22. Thus, a recent study sponsored by Genetech had been conducted to investigate the possibility of using an anti-IL-33 immunoglobulin (Astegolimab) and an IL-22-like particle (Efmarodocokin alfa) to treat patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia
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Merry Christmass, Happy New Year and Have a Blissful Tết
The YHCC team wish our readers a merry and blissful 2022 Chirstmas, and new 2023 filled with luck and success
Our team will temporary cease our activities during this festive time between the 23rd of December, 2022 to the 23rd of January, 2023. During this time, please email [email protected] if you have any question or feedback.
Thank you so much for your support during the past year, and our team will innovate more to better serve the Vietnamese medical community in 2023.
Our team will temporary cease our activities during this festive time between the 23rd of December, 2022 to the 23rd of January, 2023. During this time, please email [email protected] if you have any question or feedback.
Thank you so much for your support during the past year, and our team will innovate more to better serve the Vietnamese medical community in 2023.
Repurposing antivirals indicated for HIV/AIDS to treat COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on December 21st, 2022
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Since the start of the pandemic, there has been huge efforts in developing antivirals for SARS-CoV-2. Remdesivir, initially a treatment for Ebola, and molnupiravir, originally used for Influenza, were repurposed for COVID-19. Thus, a recent study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using antivirals indicated for HIV to treat the COVID-19.
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Peripartum usage of benzodiazepine and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on December 19th, 2022
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Benzodiazepines are frequently prescribed to manage anxiety and depression in pregnant women. However, little is known about the effect of the medication on fetal neurodevelopment. Previous studies had shown that the molecule can be found in amniotic fluid and might affect the fetus. Thus, a large cohort study was conducted to understand the risk of neurodevelopmental abnormalities due to prenatal exposure to benzodiazepine.
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Ruxolitinib in treating patients hospitalized due to COVID-19
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on December 16th, 2022
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The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly associated with the degree of JAK/STAT pathway activation. Thus, inhibitors that target this pathway can potentially be used to reduce the unnecessary damage caused by the immune system. Ruxolitinib, which can bind and inactivate JAK protein, was investigated by a recent study for its ability to improve the clinical outcome of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19.
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Using butyrate supplements to manage obesity in children
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on December 14th, 2022
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Previous metabolomic studies had shown that butyrate is necessary for a healthy gut microbiome. Deficiency of this short chain fatty acid reduces the abundance of certain beneficial bacterial species; resulting in metabolic dysfunction and increasing weight gain. A recent clinical trial tested the efficacy of butyrate supplements in reverting childhood obesity.
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Examine the effectiveness of pacritinib in treating severe COVID-19
TOPIC: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on December 12th, 2022
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The acute respiratory distress disorder associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is hallmarked by systemic inflammation mediated by elevated interleukin-6. Pacritinib, a JAK2/IRAK1 inhibitor that can reduce IL-6, had already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat myelofibrosis. A study was conducted to investigate whether the immunosuppressive effect of pacritinib can be leveraged to treat COVID-19.
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Finding an alternative purpose for the antihypertensive medication, verapamil, in treating type 2 diabetes
TOPIC: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on December 9th, 2022
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Verapamil is a phenylalkylamine calcium channel antagonist that are frequently used to manage cardiovascular conditions such as arrhythmia, hypertension and angina. As an unintended effect, the agent inhibits the production of proapoptotic thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Which overexpression leads to accumulation in the pancreas, resulting in increased oxidative stress that kills beta cells. A recent study has investigated the potential usage of Verapamil in managing type 2 diabetes.
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The effect of empagliflozin on the gut microbiome and cardiovascular health
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on December 7th, 2022
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Metformin is recommended as the first-line antihyperglycemic agent in most clinical guidelines, including the one published by the World Health Organization. In the United States, empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), is recommended by the Food and Drug Administration due to its cardiovascular benefit. A recently published study had investigated the health effect between patients metformin and empagliflozin.
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The effect of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA combination therapy in weight loss
TOPIC: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on December 5th, 2022
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The anti-diabetic medication, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), blocks glucose reabsorption in the kidney; this creates a calorie deficit and leads to weight loss. However, the rate of change is slower than predicted, and the loss can be reverted over time; this can potentially be explained by increased energy intake to compensate for the higher excretion. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) is another antidiabetic medication that acts on the central nervous system to suppress appetite. A recent study has investigated whether combining the two medications can create sustainable weight loss.
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Opioid agonist therapy in pregnant women, buprenorphine vs. methadone
Topic: OBGYN
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on December 2nd, 2022
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For pregnant women who are using opioids, to manage pain, opioid agonist therapy is usually initiated concurrently. This improves adherence to prenatal care and reduces the incidence of preterm birth, overdose, and death. Methadone and buprenorphine are the two commonly used opioid agonists; a recent study had compared their effect on maternal and fetal health.
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The potential usage of small interfering RNA agent, Olparisan, in treating elevated lipoprotein(a)
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 30th, 2022
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Previous studies had reported on the causal relationship between elevated lipoprotein(a) - LP(a) - level and diseases such as atherosclerosis & calcific valvular aortic stenosis. However, there is currently no therapeutic agent approved to lower lipoprotein(a) concentration. LP(a) concentration is dependent on the expression of the LPA gene, and Olpasiran is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that can interfere with its LPA transcription. Results from a study investigating the effect of Olpasiran on LP(a) level had recently been published.
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Bepirovirsen effectiveness and safety in treating chronic hepatitis B infection
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 28th, 2022
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Bepirovirsen is an antiviral agent created by the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline which is being investigated for its ability to interfere with the replication cycle of the Hepatitis B virus. Being an antisense oligonucleotide, Bepirovirsen works by binding to HBV RNA and negates its interaction with other viral proteins; thus, the agent interferes with the viral life cycle. A previous phase 2a trial has shown that a 4-week therapy results in a substantial drop in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level. The same research group had conducted a follow-up study, with a longer surveillance period, and they had recently published their findings.
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Cardiovascular effect of lowering triglyceride level with pemafibrate
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 25th, 2022
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Increased blood triglyceride level is correlated with a higher risk of cardiovascular accidents such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. However, it is unclear if lowering its concentration can improve the patients’ clinical prognosis. A study, recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine, had reported on the cardiovascular effect of lowering blood triglyceride level.
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Raltegravir-based combined antiretroviral therapy and weight gain in HIV-positive pregnant women
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 23rd, 2022
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Reducing viral load is extremely essential for HIV-positive women who are pregnant; thus, raltegravir was recommended due to its low toxicity. Studies conducted on non-pregnant adults and adolescents had reported that the antiretroviral induce weight gain. For pregnant women, this can increase the risk of peripartum diabetes, peripartum hypertension, postpartum weight retention, etc. This can also affect the fetus by causing macrosomia, offspring obesity, which increase the likelihood of cesarean delivery. A recent study had reported on the risk of peripartum weight gain of HIV-positive pregnant women who are using raltegravir.
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The risk of Herpes Zoster infection after COVID-19 immunization
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 21st, 2022
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Due to the controversial nature of COVID-19 and immunization, the public has an intense interest toward its adverse events. At the same time, there has been an increase in the number of herpes zoster viral infections reported. It is uncertain if there is an actual increase in risk, or this higher rate of detection is due hypervigilance. A recent study had improved our understanding about the safety profile of the COVID-19 vaccine by analyzing its relationship with Herpes Zoster infection
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In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer does not increase the risk of mother-to-infant transmission of Hepatitis B
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 18th, 2022
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For in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), maternal oocytes are retrieved and fertilized in vitro before implantation to the uterus. Thus, embryos can potentially be infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) carried by the infected mother. A recently published study had reported on the likelihood of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV in women that had become pregnant using IVF-ET.
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The risk of severe acute respiratory infections and COVID-19 in patients with neuropsychiatric disorder
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 16th, 2022
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Previous cohort studies had found that patients with severe neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, schizophrenia, and depression are at a greater risk of developing severe acute respiratory infections (SARI), including COVID-19. In addition, it has been reported that the usage of certain neuropsychiatric drugs increases the susceptibility to airway infections. Since COVID-19 is becoming endemic, a study has been conducted to understand the risk profile of certain neuropsychiatric conditions and treatments.
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Intravenous amino acids supplementation to prevent neurodisability in preterm infants
Topic: PEDIATRIC
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 14th, 2022
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Amino acids are essential for the process of neurodevelopment, and a daily dose of 3-4 g is recommended. Because the brains of preterm children are underdeveloped, it is possible that a higher than average dosage is required. Prior observational studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between protein intake and the level of neurodevelopment; however, the appropriate dosage for preterm infants is not known. A study conducted by the ProVIDe research group had reported on the effect of amino acids supplementation on neurodevelopment.
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The potential for using psilocybin to treat patients with major depressive disorder
Topic: PSYCHIATRY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 11th, 2022
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Previous study had reported that the usage of psilocybin in treating cancer also elicits an antidepressant effect. The compound can be isolated from several species of mushroom, and consumption for recreational purposes can result in euphoria and hallucination. Due to its ability to induce an euphoric sensation, psilocybin can potentially be used to treat patients with major depressive disorder. A recent phase 2 clinical trial had reported on the effect of single-dose psilocybin therapy in treating patients with major depressive disorder that had not been responsive to other treatment.
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Potassium & magnesium supplementation therapy in treating atrial fibrillation and flutter
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 9th, 2022
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Low level of magnesium and potassium leads to an overabundance of calcium; this electrolyte overload can prolong the duration of the action potential phase and trigger afterdepolarization too early. Previous studies had reported that off-scheduled depolarization can lead to the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Thus, it is possible that supplementation of magnesium and potassium can restore electrolyte balance and prevent AF; however, there is currently no clinical guideline supporting or discouraging this therapy. A recent study had reported on the possibility of using potassium and magnesium to induce spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm in patients that have atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (AFL).
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Kisspeptin is a promising therapy for osteoporosis in men
Topic: ORTHOPEDIC
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 7th, 2022
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Human bone constantly undergoes a process of formation and resorption. Disruption to this homeostasis is the pathophysiological cause behind osteoporosis. Thus, agents which inhibit the process of bone resorption carried out by osteoclasts can potentially be used to slow down the process of bone loss and prevent osteoporosis. A recent study had reported that kisspeptins can act on osteoclasts, reducing the resorption efficiency; thus, it can potentially be used to treat osteoporosis.
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The effectiveness and safety of the Moderna mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine in children older than 6 months
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 4th, 2022
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In mid-June of 2022, the US Food and Drugs Administration recommended the usage of COVID-19 vaccines for children above the age of 6 months. Later in July of the same year, the Ministry of Health in Vietnam made the same recommendation. A recent multicenter study conducted in the United States and Canada had investigated the efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 vaccines manufactured by Moderna.
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Upadacitinib vs. Dupilumab in treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 2nd, 2022
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Atopic dermatitis is majorly driven by the pro-inflammatory signal transduced by Interleukin-4. Thus, dupilumab, an antibody targeting IL-4 receptors has been used to treat the condition; however, only half of them achieve skin clearance after 16 weeks of usage. Thus, upadacitinib, a small molecule JAK inhibitor, can be a better alternative due to its broader spectrum of activity. Upadacitinib had already been approved for usage to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis; thus, a comparative study was conducted, and its result had been published in the Journal of the American Medical Association - Dermatology.
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Monoclonal antibody nirsevimab is effective in preventing respiratory syncytial virus infection in term and late preterm infants
Topic: PEDIATRIC, INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 31st, 2022
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Nirsevimab is a monoclonal antibody designed to bind to the fusion protein on the surface of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Thus, it had been approved for preventing RSV infection in preterm infants. A study sponsored by the pharmaceutical companies MedImmune/AstraZeneca and Sanofi had reported on the effectiveness of nirsevimab at preventing RSV infection in term and late preterm infants.
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Ivermectin is not effective at managing SARS-CoV-2 infection
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 28th, 2022
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The usage of ivermectin to prevent and manage SARS-CoV-2 infection had been controversial since the start of the pandemic. Thus, many studies have been conducted to investigate the efficacy of the antiparasitic agent. Supporting the current literature, an article recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association had reported on the effectiveness of ivermectin on relieving symptoms of mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults being treated in an outpatient setting.
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Gastrointestinal complication is associated with more severe COVID-19 infection in children
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 26th, 2022
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Due to tropism of SARS-CoV-2 receptors, the virus can only enter host cells that express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Besides the respiratory tract, these host cell’s proteins can be found on enterocytes; this cellular mechanism can explain why virus particles can be shed with feces, and gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations had been reported in COVID-19 cases. However, the frequency of these GI symptoms is unknown. A study had reported on the prevalence of gastrointestinal problems in children diagnosed with COVID-19
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Vonoprazan can be suitable replacement for lansoprazole in treating erosive esophagitis
Topic: GASTROINTESTINAL
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 24th, 2022
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Proton pump inhibitors (PPI), such as lansoprazole, are the gold standard therapy for erosive esophagitis; however, prior study had reported a failure rate range between 5% and 20% that increased to 30% with those with severe esophagitis. Thus, alternative therapies should be used for these patients; potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) is a possible substitute. With a longer half life and a wider spectrum of action, PCAB can be an effective treatment. A multi-site study had compared the efficacy between lansoprazole and a PCAB in the form of vonoprazan.
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Ruxolitinib cream helps with skin repigmentation in those who had been diagnosed with vitiligo
Topic: DERMATOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 21st, 2022
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The skin depigmentation of vitiligo is caused by the destruction of melanocytes by CD8+ T cells. These lymphocytes are recruited by the Interferon-γ-driven overstimulation of the JAK-STAT pathway at the affected sites. A previous stage II clinical trial had reported that the JAK-inhibiting agent, Ruxolitinib, can help increase the rate of skin repigmentation. The result from the follow-up phase III trial had been released to provide more insight on the efficacy of the ruxolitinib cream.
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Supplementation of D-cycloserine to intermittent theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy helps reduce the severity of depression
Topic: PSYCHIATRY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 19th, 2022
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Past studies had reported that transcranial magnetic stimulation, such as with intermittent bursts of theta wave, can be used to treat major depressive disorder. The efficacy of these methods are dependent on synaptic plasticity; thus, supplementation with regulating agents can be beneficial. D-cycloserine is a partial agonist to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor on the postsynaptic membrane that regulates synaptic plasticity. A study conducted by researchers and clinicians at the University of Calgary had reported that supplementation with this agent helps with treating depression.
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Peripartum usage of antidepressants is not associated with higher risk of neurodevelopmental disruption to the children.
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Reviewed by Nhi Le, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 17th, 2022
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Because the effect of antidepressants during pregnancy is unknown, many expecting mothers give up their therapy due to their concern over the potential impact on their children's neurodevelopment. Compounded with stress due to peri- and post- partum factors, the psychological health of these mothers are worsen, and this can directly affect their relationship with the neonates. A recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association had assessed the effect of peripartum antidepressant usage on the neurodevelopmental and psychological health outcomes of children.
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Using acetazolamide to treat acute decompensated heart failure
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 14th, 2022
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Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that can act on the proximal tubule to induce sodium reabsorption. Thus, the agent can increase diuretic efficiency and reduce fluid accumulation. An article recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine had reported on the efficacy of acetazolamide in patients with acute decompensated heart failure with volume overload.
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Combining ezetimibe with statin in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Topic: GASTROINTESTINAL
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 12th, 2022
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Highly potent statin, such as rosuvastatin, is the first-line therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, these powerful statins, especially in high doses, carry with them a battery of side effects. Thus, it is essential to find complementary agents with minimal collateral effect to substitute for high-dose statin. A study conducted by physicians and scientists at Yonsei University had reported on the potential of adding ezetimibe to the current therapy.
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Peripartum COVID-19 vaccination is safe and beneficial for mothers and neonates
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 10th, 2022
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Currently, very little is known about the effect COVID-19 vaccination has on pregnancy. Thus, many unreliable sources have claimed that immunization is unsafe for the mother’s and fetus’s health. A recent literature review published in the Journal of the American Medical Association had reported on the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccination on pregnancy.
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The combo of Cefepime/Enmetazobactam is more effective than Piperacillin/Tazobactam at treating complicated urinary tract infection and acute pyelonephritis
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 7th, 2022
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To counter the high rate of resistance against β-lactam class antibiotics, β-lactamase inhibitors are usually used as a complement agent. The piperacillin/tazobactam combination is frequently used to treat serious bacterial infections such as complicated urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis. However, due to possible antibiotic resistance against these medications, new agents should be assessed for their efficacy. A recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association had made the comparison between the current standard therapy to the Cefepime/Enmetazobactam combo.
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Emollient usage to prevent atopic dermatitis in neonates
Topic: ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY, DERMATOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 5th, 2022
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As Vietnam is undergoing an epidemiological transition, we can see an increase in childhood allergic condition frequency alongside the drop in communicable disease. Thus, it is essential to increase our understanding about the best treatment for these conditions. A recent study had reported the efficacy of early-life emollient usage on preventing atopic dermatitis.
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The effectiveness of Tazarotene 0.045% lotion in treating acne vulgaris
Topic: DERMATOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 3rd, 2022
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Retinoid, a derivative of vitamin A, is a first-line treatment for acne lesions by preventing keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. There are many types of medication in the retinoid class; each targets a few specific subtypes of retinoid receptors and have their own tolerability profile. A recent review article had recently published their findings on the efficacy and safety of Tazarotene, a retinoid that targets 2 of the 6 receptors.
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Potential application of DARPins, Ensovibep, in treating COVID-19
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 30th, 2022
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Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) is a new class of inhibitory drug with an active site that can be engineered to bind to specific motifs of interest. A collaborative project between 2 biopharmaceutical companies, Molecular Partners and Novartis, had utilized the DARPins platform to design agents that can bind to and render SARS-CoV-2 viral particle inert. The study had recently published their findings on the efficacy of the agent called Ensovibep.
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Efficacy and safety of topical roflumilast in treating plaque psoriasis
Topic: DERMATOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 28th, 2022
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Roflumilast is an anti-inflammatory agent that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2020 to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Its topical formulation had recently been approved for treating plaque psoriasis in July of 2022. The investigating team behind the trial had recently published their findings on the efficacy and safety of topical roflumilast.
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Early usage of oseltamivir helps improve the clinical outcomes of children hospitalized due to Influenza infection.
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 26th, 2022
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According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2019, respiratory infection is the third leading cause of death for children younger than 5 years old in Vietnam. Thus, it is important to update and improve our current standard of care for children who have been infected with diseases like Influenza. A recent study published in the journal JAMA Pediatric reported that oseltamivir helps improve the outcome of children hospitalized due to Influenza.
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Comparing the effectiveness of 4 classes of medication used to manage diabetes mellitus type 2
Topic: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 23rd, 2022
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According to a clinical guideline published by the Vietnamese ministry of health, metformin, sulfonylurea, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, and insulin are recommended to manage diabetes mellitus type 2. Each medication has its own contraindication, but little information was provided about the effectiveness of each class of drug. A recent paper published by the collaborative multi-center GRADE Study Research Group had reported that some of the recommended medications are more effective than others in managing diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2).
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Comparing the effectiveness of rivaroxaban and vitamin K antagonists in preventing cardiovascular accidents
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 21st, 2022
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Vitamin K antagonists are usually prescribed to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation; however, the treatment requires frequent blood draw for dose adjustment. Previous study had shown that factor Xa inhibitors such as rivaroxaban are as effective at preventing stroke, but very little is known about the effect of rivaroxaban on rheumatic heart disease–associated atrial fibrillation. A recent study had reported their findings on the comparison between the two agents on treating the condition.
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Comparing keverprazan to the current standard of care for treating erosive esophagitis
Topic: GASTROINTESTINAL
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 19th, 2022
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Proton pump inhibitors (PPI), such as lansoprazole, are usually prescribed to manage erosive esophagitis by increasing the pH of the gastric environment. However, the effectiveness of PPI is heavily dependent on which of the CYP2C19 polymorphic states that the patient possesses. A recent study looked at whether keverprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker that can suppress gastric acid production independently on the CYP2C19 liver enzyme, is as effective as the current standard of care.
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Using clazakizumab to treat COVID-19 associated hyperinflammation
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 16th, 2022
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The degree of interleukin-6 activity is positively correlated to the severity of COVID-19. Thus, interleukin-6 inhibitors can potentially be used to dampen the hyperinflammation. Dr. Bonnie Lonze MD, PhD. and colleagues had recently published the findings of their studies that investigate the effect of clazakizumab on treating COVID-19 pneumonia and hyperinflammation.
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Liver function abnormalities in during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Topic: COVID-19, GASTROINTESTINAL
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Reviewed by Nhi Le, B.A.
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Posted on September 14th, 2022
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Previous studies had reported that those infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience abnormal abnormal liver function tests (A-LFT). However, it is uncertain if the problem resolved itself after viral clearance or if hepatological function disruption is a hallmark of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. A recent article published in the Journal of Viral Hepatitis had reported their finding on the matter.
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Usage of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in preventing vertical transmission
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE, OBGYN
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 12th, 2022
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Chronic hepatitis B infection is a public health threat to Vietnam, approximately 8% to 25% of the population is diagnosed with the disease. Vertical transmission from infected mother to infant is the most common route; thus, it is essential to reduce the viral load in pregnant women to prevent new incidence of infection. A recent review analyzed the current literature to examine the effect of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy on expecting mother and infant.
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Maternal vaccination help protect newborns from COVID-19 associated hospitalization
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 9th, 2022
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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID-19 vaccination should only be administered to those who are older than 6 months old. However, newborns and infants are at a high risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine reported that maternal vaccination produces a protective effect for newborns.
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The effectiveness of Albuterol–Budesonide combination rescue inhaler in asthma management
Topic: ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 7th, 2022
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Albuterol, also known as Salbutamol, is a short-acting inhaled beta2-agonist bronchodilator (SABA) that is commonly used to relieve an asthma attack. In addition, the Global Initiative for Asthma recommends a daily usage of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) such as budesonide. A recent phase-3 randomized controlled trial conducted by Alberto Papi, M.D. and Bradley E. Chipps, M.D. assess the effectiveness of relief usage with albuterol alone or in combination with a varying dosage of budesonide in preventing severe asthma exacerbation.
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Comparing the effectiveness of Ublituximab against Teriflunomide in treating multiple sclerosis
Topic: ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 5th, 2022
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Multiple sclerosis is characterized by the immune system attacking healthy myelin sheath insulating neurons. Since B cells’ activity is essential to the process of autoimmunity, many monoclonal antibodies targeting B-cells have been approved as treatment. Ublituximab, an antibody that binds to CD20 expressed on B-cell, is being assessed for its efficacy against an approved treatment - Teriflunomide - in this paper.
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The effectiveness of Olokizumab in treating rheumatoid arthritis
Topic: ORTHOPEDICS
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 2nd, 2022
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Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation with a hallmark of elevated IL-6 level. Some of the current treatment aims to block the IL-6 receptor on immune cells to reduce their activity; however, there has not been any agent, which targets the IL-6 ligand, approved for usage. Olokizumab, an antibody that targets 1 of the 3 epitopes expressed by the IL-6 ligand, had its effectiveness and safety assessed and reported in this study.
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Azithromycin is ineffective in treating or aiding with the recovery of children with acute diarrhea
Topic: GASTROINTESTINAL
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 31st, 2022
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Annually, approximately half a million children lose their lives to acute diarrhea, and this burden of disease is heavily borne by South Asian and sub-Saharan African nations. Beside rotavirus, most of the cases are caused by bacteria such as Shigella, Campylobacter, and E. coli. A multinational study reported on the effect of Azithromycin usage in treating acute watery diarrhea in low and middle income countries.
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The effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir in treating COVID-19 during the Omicron variant surge
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 29th, 2022
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Following the clinical guideline created by the National Institute of Health, Nirmatrelvir is currently being used in a combination with Ritonavir to treat COVID-19. Nirmatrelavir inhibits the essential protein 3CLpro that is necessary for viral replication. Due to the Omicron variant surge, antiviral resistance might nullify the medication’s effectiveness. A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine had investigated this concern.
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Metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine are not effective at preventing COVID-19
Topic: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 26th, 2022
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As more SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge, recent studies have noted a decline in vaccine efficacy. Thus, it is important to find therapies that can help clear the virus or manage the symptoms. Repurposing medication, which had been already approved for other indications, would help streamline the adoption of the medication to treat COVID-19, because the safety profile had already been reported. A recent article published in the New England Journal of Medicine had reported the effectiveness of metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine in treating COVID-19
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Cardiovascular adverse events associated with the 4 types of COVID-19 vaccines
Topic: CARDIOLOGY, COVID-19
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Reviewed by Nhi Le, B.A
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Posted on August 24th, 2022
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According to the VigiBase pharmacovigilance database created by the World Health Organization, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and stroke are frequently reported after COVID-19 vaccination. Using data from the French National Health Data System, a recent publication on the Annals of Internal Medicine reports the association between COVID-19 vaccination and severe cardiovascular events
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The gut microbiome of individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes lacks the commensal bacteria Blautia wexlerae
Topic: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 22nd, 2022
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Our large intestine contains a collection of commensal bacteria. The interaction between these bacteria and the metabolites they produce has a tremendous impact on our health. A recent study published in Nature found that there is a potential association between the abundance of the commensal bacteria Blautia wexlerae and disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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COVID-19 is associated with higher risk of venous thromboembolism
TOPIC: CARDIOLOGY, COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 19th, 2022
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Despite SARS-CoV-2 having been cleared from the body, the body still suffers from many dysfunction to the respiratory, neurological, and endocrinology function. Due to the heightened state of inflammation in response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the body’s physiological function is thrown into disarray. A recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association reported that COVID-19 is associated with higher risk of venous thromboembolism.
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The relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual irregularities
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 17th, 2022
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Adding ezetimibe to a medium-intensity statin regimen enhance tolerance while keeping preventative benefit
TOPIC: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 15th, 2022
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Denosumab, at Half the Recommended Dose, Appears to Maintain Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis
TOPIC: ORTHOPEDIC
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 12th, 2022
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Denosumab is frequently prescribed to manage osteoporosis, because it can inhibit the development of osteoclast cells; as a result, the medication can reduce the rate of bone loss. It is recommended by the Endocrine Society that postmenopausal women with high risk of fracture should receive 60 mg of Denosumab subcutaneously every 6 months. A recent study reported that dose reduction from 60 mg to 30 mg does not result in exacerbation of osteoporosis.
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The effectiveness of Litifilimab in treating cutaneous lupus erythematosus
TOPIC: ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 10th, 2022
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Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the host healthy keratinocyte. These damages are mediated by the cytopathic effect of cytotoxic T-cell and pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Previous studies had found that there is a dose-response relationship between the severity of CLE and the degree of type I Interferon expression by pDC. A recent phase 2 clinical trial found that Litifilimab was effective at reducing skin disease activity.
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Clinical Manifestation and current epidemiology of Monkeypox
TOPIC : INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 8th, 2022
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As of August 8th, 83 cases of monkeypox had been reported in 8 countries belonging to the South-East Asian & Western Pacific region. There has not been any case reported in Vietnam, but 18 cases have been reported in 3 countries participating in the ASEAN bloc: Singapore (15 cases), Thailand (2 cases), Philippines (1 case). A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine had reported the clinical manifestation commonly observed in monkeypox infections.
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Clinical characteristic of Langya Henipavirus infection reported in China
TOPIC : INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 5th, 2022
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A recent correspondence published in the New England Journal of Medicine reported that a new species of Henipavirus had been detected in China. The virus is assigned to the Langya Henipavirus (LayV) species; which belongs to the Henipavirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family. LayV is phenotypically similar to the Mojiang Henipavirus that had previously been isolated in Southern China.
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SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of diabetes onset
TOPIC: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY, COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 3rd, 2022
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Even though the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection has been resolved, many patients still report abnormalities with their health. The constellation of these conditions are commonly preferred to as long-COVID, and they can include dysfunction to the respiratory, digestive, neurological system, etc. A recent large cohort study, had recently reported that diabetes might be included into the developing list of post-COVID sequelae.
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The effectiveness of Molnupiravir at treating COVID-19
TOPIC: COVID-19
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 1st, 2022
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Molnupiravir is a ribonucleoside tautomer that is analogous to both cytidine and uridine. It has been approved by the Federal Drug Administration to treat mild and moderate COVID-19. As a part of the approval process, the trial had published their findings on the effect that molnupiravir has on COVID-19 hoặc and associated biomarkers.
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The effect of Vitamin D3 supplement on the risk of bone fracture in older adults
TOPIC: ORTHOPEDIC
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 25th, 2022
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The potential harmful effects of rosuvastatin on kidney function
TOPIC: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 22nd, 2022
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Preventing obstetrical hemorrhage after cesarean delivery with tranexamic acid
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on May 8th, 2023
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