Treating Helicobacter pylori Infection with Rifasutenizol
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on April 13th, 2026
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Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common cause of chronic gastritis that can result in ulceration and gastric cancer. Current treatment regimen composed of antibiotics and acid-suppressing agents. However, due to the increased frequency of antimicrobial resistance, new treatment options are urgently needed. A study, recently published in the Lancet, had explored the usage of rifasutenizol to treat Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Targeting Apolipoprotein C-III with Olezarsen to Reduce Triglycerides and Prevent Acute Pancreatitis
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 6th, 2026
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Severe hypertriglyceridemia is a well-established risk factor for acute pancreatitis, a condition associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Consequently, therapies that lower serum triglyceride levels, such as fibrates, are commonly used to reduce pancreatic complications. A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine evaluated the efficacy and safety of olezarsen, a novel agent targeting apolipoprotein C-III, in lowering triglyceride levels and preventing pancreatitis.
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Managing Chronic Hepatitis D Infection with Tobevibart & Elebsiran
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 4th, 2026
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While not as frequently discussed, Hepatitis D viral infection is a severe chronic condition that can significantly increase the risk of cirrhosis and eventual hepatocellular carcinoma. The infection can be managed with bulevirtide. However, bulevirtide usage is troublesome due to the need of daily subcutaneous injections. Plus, patients have a high risk of relapse of treatment stop. Due to a need for a new therapy, a study was performed to explore the usage of tobevibart plus elebsiran to manage hepatitis D infection.
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Novel Live Attenuated Vaccine to Prevent Salmonella Paratyphi Enteric Fever
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 24th, 2025
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Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica can be largely prevented through improved water and sanitation systems. Vaccination against the typhi serotype—the agent responsible for typhoid fever—has played a major role in reducing disease burden. However, no licensed vaccine has been available for the paratyphi serotype. With support from the United Kingdom’s Medical Research Council, researchers conducted a study to evaluate CVD 1902, a new vaccine designed to protect against Salmonella Paratyphi A.
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Aspirin Use in Colorectal Cancer With PI3K Mutations
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 6th, 2025
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Aspirin, a widely used analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent, reduces inflammation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Colorectal cancer tumors often overexpress COX-2, which activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and promotes tumorigenesis. Supported by the Swedish Research Council, researchers conducted a study to evaluate whether aspirin could improve outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer harboring PI3K pathway mutations.
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Lubiprostone and Renal Function in Chronic Kidney Disease
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 1st, 2025
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Lubiprostone, a chloride channel activator commonly used to treat constipation, has been linked in previous large-scale observational studies to a lower risk of renal complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To investigate this potential renoprotective effect further, the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development funded a study examining lubiprostone in CKD patients.
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Vedolizumab for Preventing Post-Surgical Recurrence in Crohn’s Disease
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 26th, 2025
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Despite successful surgical resection, many patients with Crohn’s disease relapse within the first year, and no medical therapy is currently approved to prevent recurrence following surgery. Vedolizumab, already approved for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, has been investigated for its potential use in this setting through a study funded by Takeda.
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Treating HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer with Trastuzumab Deruxtecan
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 13th, 2025
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Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in Vietnam, and it is associated with significant quality of life deterioration. Previous studies had found that between 5% and 17% of gastric cancer tumors express human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The pharmaceutical companies Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca had co-funded a study to take advantage of this new therapeutic target - using trastuzumab deruxtecan to treat gastric cancer.
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Post-Discharge Ondansetron for Children with Gastroenteritis
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 8th, 2025
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Ondansetron is a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist that is frequently used to suppress nausea in children hospitalized due to acute gastroenteritis. The value of post-discharged ondansetron usage is unclear. As a result, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research funded a study to evaluate the effect of after-discharged benefit of ondansetron.
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Supplement Durvalumab to the Standard FLOT Chemotherapy for Resectable Gastric and Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 4th, 2025
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Gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma is one of the most common cancers in Vietnam. Surgical resection with chemotherapy is the ideal way to treat the tumor; however, recurrence is still high. Interfering with the tumor’s immunosuppressive effect had been found to be effective at disease management. A study funded by AstraZeneca was conducted to analyze the addition of durvalumab to the standard chemotherapy to manage gastric and gastroesophageal cancer.
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Manage Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Efruxifermin
Topic: GASTROINTESTINAL
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on July 11th, 2025
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As the frequency of obesity increases in Vietnam, physicians need to prepare for a paired increase in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) cases. Beside dietary interventions and lifestyle modification, there are some viable therapies in the form of GLP-1 agonists and resmetiron; however, there is an increased need for other treatments to treat patients who cannot be treated with the remaining options. With funding from Akero Therapeutics, a study was conducted to evaluate the usage of efruxifermin to manage MASH.
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Semaglutide Shows Promise in Treating Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 30th, 2025
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Currently, there is no approved treatment for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. With the condition heavily linked to obesity and diabetes, a study was funded by Novo Nordisk to examine the usage of semaglutide in managing liver health in patients with liver fibrosis and steatohepatitis.
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Early Antiviral Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B Shows Promise in Preventing Liver Complications
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 25th, 2025
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Chronic hepatitis B infection is a well-established risk factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While antiviral medications are effective in managing the disease, current treatment guidelines typically recommend delaying initiation until elevated liver enzymes are detected. However, recent observational data suggest that viremia alone may contribute to increased cancer risk, regardless of enzyme levels. In response, the Government of South Korea, in collaboration with Gilead, funded a study to evaluate the benefits of early antiviral intervention in patients with normal liver enzyme levels.
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Sofosbuvir-Based Therapies for Children With Hepatitis C
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 18th, 2025
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Hepatitis C treatments that are effective in adults—such as pegylated interferon and ribavirin—have been associated with developmental complications in pediatric populations. Although the World Health Organization recommends the use antiviral, the long-term safety of these therapies in children remains uncertain. To address this gap, a study funded by Gilead Sciences was conducted to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir in children.
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Tamuzimod, an S1PR1 Inhibitor, Shows Promise in Reducing Ulcerative Colitis Symptoms
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 23rd, 2025
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Chronic inflammation of the colonic epithelium underlies ulcerative colitis, a condition that can significantly impair quality of life and elevate the long-term risk of colorectal cancer. While various treatments are available, many fall short in preventing disease relapse or carry undesirable side effects. To explore new therapeutic options, a study funded by Ventyx Biosciences evaluated the potential of tamuzimod for managing ulcerative colitis.
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Simvastatin and Rifaximin Combination Therapy to Manage Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 18th, 2025
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Decompensated liver cirrhosis represents the most advanced stage of liver damage, marked by extensive scarring and significantly reduced liver function. This condition can ultimately progress to acute liver failure and death, and there are currently no therapies available to prevent its progression. Funded by the European Union, a study was conducted to evaluate the use of simvastatin and rifaximin in managing liver cirrhosis.
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Potential Usage of Probiotic to Manage Liver Health in Patients with Hepatitis B-related Cirrhosis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 19th, 2025
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Due to the close connection between the gut and the liver, changes in one can significantly impact the other. Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota are absorbed by the large intestine and eventually transported to the liver, so any imbalance in the gut can lead to the production of substances that worsen liver inflammation. A study recently published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology investigated the use of the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 in managing liver function in patients with hepatitis-B cirrhosis.
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Compare the Efficacy of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Monotherapy versus the Entecavir plus Adefovir Disoproxil Combination in Managing Hepatitis B
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 12th, 2025
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Nucleotide analogue antivirals represent the most effective and convenient way to manage chronic hepatitis B infection on an outpatient basis. However, because the treatment often needs to be continued long term, the development of antiviral resistance is a concern. In cases of adefovir disoproxil resistance, a study was conducted to evaluate whether adding entecavir to the current regimen or switching to a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate monotherapy regimen would be more effective for managing chronic hepatitis B.
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Managing Ulcerative Colitis by Blocking S1PR1 with Tamuzimod
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 7th, 2025
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Ulcerative colitis is an autoimmune condition where immune cells induce excessive inflammation in the large intestine. These cells are guided to the inflamed tissue by a sphingosine 1-phosphate gradient. While inhibiting this pathway has shown efficacy in treating multiple sclerosis, unselective inhibition can lead to a higher incidence of adverse events. Tamuzimod, a more targeted inhibitor, was recently evaluated in a Lancet study for its potential to manage ulcerative colitis.
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Assessing the Efficacy of Combined Tenofovir and Atorvastatin Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 5th, 2025
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Chronic hepatitis B infection can be managed through interferon and antiviral therapies; however, no current treatment effectively eradicates the virus. During its life cycle, the hepatitis B virus incorporates a portion of the host cell membrane as it exits the cell. Since cholesterol plays a key role in determining membrane flexibility, a study was conducted to investigate whether adding a cholesterol-lowering statin to standard antiviral therapy could improve hepatitis B control.
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High- vs. Low-Dose Amoxicillin Combined with Vonoprazan for H. pylori Eradication
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 28th, 2025
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The combination of amoxicillin and vonoprazan has proven effective for treating and curing Helicobacter pylori infections. However, the optimal antibiotic dose remains uncertain, which is critical given its potential impact on gut microbiota. With rising concerns about antibiotic resistance, it is important to identify a dose that both eradicates the bacteria and minimizes the development of resistant strains. A study funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and recently published in The Lancet investigated the optimal dose of amoxicillin and vonoprazan in terms of efficacy, gut microbiota, and resistance.
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Perioperative Infusion of Tranexamic Acid Reduce the Risk of Hemorrhage
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 19th, 2025
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Bleeding is a significant concern in general surgery. When it occurs, it can complicate a patient’s recovery, extend their hospital stay, and sometimes necessitate additional operations to address the issue. Tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent, has been shown to effectively reduce hemorrhage risk in noncardiac surgeries. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association recently evaluated its use in general surgery.
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Evaluating the Efficacy of Combining Xalnesiran with Ruzotolimod, and Peginterferon Alfa-2a in Treating Hepatitis B
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 15th, 2025
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The current standard treatment for hepatitis B infection involves an initial 48 weeks of pegylated interferon to trigger an antiviral immune response, followed by lifelong nucleotide/nucleoside analogue therapy. However, the 12-month cure rate is only 7%, highlighting the need for new therapies. Xalnesiran is a novel small interfering RNA that targets and inhibits the expression of the viral S protein. A study funded by Roche was conducted to explore the potential of using xalnesiran in combination with ruzotolimod, a TLR-7 agonist, as a treatment to cure hepatitis B infection.
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Comparing Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Combination to Standard Chemotherapy in Advanced Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 8th, 2025
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Colorectal cancer is a common cancer, and patients with mismatch repair deficiency and microsatellite instability mutations generally have a poorer prognosis. Nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, and ipilimumab, a CTLA-4 inhibitor, are immune checkpoint inhibitors that exhibit antitumor activity by counteracting the immune-suppressive effects of tumor cells. A study recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine investigated the impact of nivolumab and ipilimumab in treating colorectal cancer patients with advanced mutations.
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Effectiveness of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 in Managing Functional Constipation
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 11th, 2024
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Research has demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating gastrointestinal function. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis HN019, a commensal probiotic, has shown potential in modulating bowel function. A recent study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, evaluated the efficacy of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 in managing constipation.
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Efficacy of Tulisokibart in Managing Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 4th, 2024
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Recent studies on the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis has found that human tumor necrosis factor–like cytokine 1A (TL1A) plays an important role in exacerbating the condition. The cytokine can interact with DR3 receptors on helper T cells to amplify type 1 and type 17 inflammation. Tulisokibart is an antibody that can bind to TL1A, and Merck had recently sponsored a study to assess its ability to manage ulcerative colitis.
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Efficacy of Survodutide in Treating Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 11th, 2024
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Given the role of obesity as a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), GLP-1 receptor agonists have emerged as promising therapies due to their glucose control and appetite suppression effects. However, since hepatocytes lack GLP-1 receptors, targeting additional pathways, such as glucagon receptors, could enhance treatment effectiveness by promoting lipolysis and mobilizing hepatic fat. Survodutide, a dual agonist targeting both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, is currently under investigation in a study funded by Boehringer Ingelheim for its potential to manage MASH.
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Evaluating the Impact of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Parkinson’s Disease
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 6th, 2024
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Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been observed in patients with premotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and may accelerate disease progression. Previous animal studies have indicated that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could offer neuroprotective benefits in Parkinson’s. A recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association investigated whether FMT could improve outcomes in Parkinson’s disease.
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Tirzepatide’s Potential in Reducing Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 4th, 2024
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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is linked to an elevated risk of cardiovascular and liver-related complications. Obesity is a significant risk factor for MASH, and previous studies have shown that weight reduction can help resolve the condition. Tirzepatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist commonly used for diabetes management, also aids in weight loss. To explore its potential in treating MASH, Eli Lilly sponsored a study to investigate the effects of tirzepatide in managing this condition.
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Comparing the Effectiveness of Risankizumab and Ustekinumab in Managing Crohn’s Disease
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 30th, 2024
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Due to the toxic effects and only moderate effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy, alternative treatments like risankizumab and ustekinumab are often used for Crohn’s disease. Both of these monoclonal antibodies target interleukin 23 (IL-23), though in different ways: risankizumab specifically targets the p19 subunit of IL-23, while ustekinumab binds to the p40 subunit, which is shared by both interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-23, thereby reducing levels of both cytokines. To compare the efficacy of risankizumab and ustekinumab in managing Crohn’s disease, a study was conducted with funding by AbbVie.
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The Effect of Anti-Interleukin-5 Benralizumab on Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 23rd, 2024
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Eosinophilic esophagitis, an inflammatory condition driven by Th2 cells, can be treated with proton pump inhibitors, glucocorticoids, and monoclonal antibodies targeting associated cells and signaling pathways. Interleukin 5 plays a key role in eosinophil activation, making its receptor a potential therapeutic target. Benralizumab, which targets IL-5 receptors, may help alleviate the condition. To explore this potential, AstraZeneca sponsored a study to evaluate the effectiveness of benralizumab in managing eosinophilic esophagitis.
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Managing Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis with Dupilumab
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 21st, 2024
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Eosinophilic esophagitis is an inflammatory condition driven by type 2 Helper T-cells and its associated cytokines such as Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13. In children, the inflammation can lead to fibrosis and stricture that can result in dysphagia and impact development. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that can be used to treat asthma and atopic dermatitis by blocking the signaling pathway of IL-4 and IL-13. As a result, Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals had sponsored a study to assess the effect of dupilumab in managing eosinophilic esophagitis in pediatric patients.
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Promising Combination Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis D: Bulevirtide and Pegylated Interferon Alpha
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 16th, 2024
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Recently, many European countries have approved bulevirtide for the treatment of chronic Hepatitis D infection. This medication exerts its antiviral effects by inhibiting the entry of the virus into hepatocytes through the sodium/bile acid cotransporter. Prior to the approval of bulevirtide, pegylated interferon alpha was commonly used off-label for this condition. Consequently, a study sponsored by Gilead Sciences was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of bulevirtide and pegylated interferon alpha.
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Durvalumab Combined with Chemotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract and Gallbladder Cancer
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 8th, 2024
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The combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin is commonly used to treat advanced biliary tract and gallbladder cancer, but the median survival rate with this regimen is less than 12 months. Durvalumab, a monoclonal antibody, enhances the immune system's antitumor activity by disrupting the immunosuppressive interaction between PD-1 and PD-1L. AstraZeneca sponsored a study to evaluate the effectiveness of Durvalumab in treating advanced biliary tract and gallbladder cancer.
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Effectiveness of Nivolumab as an Addition to Standard Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer Treatment
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 5th, 2024
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In many Asian countries, the current standard therapy for resectable gastric cancer involves post-surgery chemotherapy, such as docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil, to minimize disease recurrence. A recent article published in The Lancet investigated the effect of adding the PD-1 receptor inhibitor, nivolumab, to this chemotherapy regimen for treating gastric cancer.
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Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy with Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Shows Promise for Mismatch Repair–Deficient Colon Cancer
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 3rd, 2024
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Defects in the mismatch repair cellular machinery are present in 15% of nonmetastatic colon cancer cases. Currently, these patients are treated similarly to those with competent mismatch repair mechanisms, receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin after surgery. Recent data, however, have shown that this approach has limited efficacy. As a result, a study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using neoadjuvant immunotherapy, specifically nivolumab plus ipilimumab, in colon cancer patients with mismatch repair deficiency.
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Evaluating Elafibranor as a Treatment for Primary Biliary Cholangitis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 26th, 2024
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The destruction of biliary duct in patients with primary biliary cholangitis lead to accumulation of bile which can cause inflammation and ultimately hepatic fibrosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid are two approved treatments for the conditions that protect hepatocytes and cholangiocytes from bile acid-induced damage. However, approximately half of the treatment recipient did not respond to the medication. Thus, a study was conducted to assess the possibility of using elafibranor, a PPAR agonist that can reduce the toxicity of bile and decrease inflammation, to manage primary biliary cholangitis.
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Seladelpar Efficacy in Treating Primary Biliary Cholangitis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 5th, 2024
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Primary biliary cholangitis, a rare liver disorder impacting the bile duct and leading to toxic bile acid buildup, currently has only one FDA-approved treatment: ursodeoxycholic acid. However, this medication is linked to significant adverse effects like pruritus and shows only a moderate response rate. Seladelpar, a novel agent capable of activating the proliferator–activated receptor Delta (PPAR-delta) to mitigate bile acid accumulation, underwent evaluation for its efficacy in treating primary biliary cholangitis in a recent study.
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Effectiveness of Resmetirom in Treating Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 25th, 2024
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As Vietnam experiences economic development, the incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cases is on the rise. However, there is currently no approved treatment for this condition. Resmetirom is a novel agent that activates the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR-β) in the liver, thereby reactivating the crucial process of fatty acid β-oxidation to mitigate the risk of fibrosis. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Resmetirom in treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Evaluating Sotarisib in Combination with Panitumumab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 22nd, 2024
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In every 100 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, approximately 3 to 4 individuals exhibit a glycine-to-cysteine mutation at amino acid #12 of the KRAS protein. This specific genetic alteration is correlated with a dismal prognosis and a limited response to conventional therapeutic approaches. While Sotarasib, an inhibitor targeting the mutated KRAS, has demonstrated efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer, its effectiveness has been hindered in colorectal cancer due to the development of resistance, notably through the reactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Consequently, a study, supported by Amgen funding, was undertaken to evaluate the impact of combining Sotarasib with Panitumumab, an EGFR inhibitor, in the treatment of colorectal cancer harboring the mutated KRAS G12C.
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The effect of using proton pump inhibitors in the health of children
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Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on November 24th, 2023
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Around 70% of infants aged 3 to 4 months encounter gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). In more severe instances, the use of proton pump inhibitors becomes necessary to decrease gastric acid secretion. However, altering the stomach's pH may introduce undesired effects. A recent study delves into the potential risks associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors in pediatric patients.
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Utilizing the metabolism effect of Pegozafermin to Address Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on October 9th, 2023
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As industrialization and economic development have led to an increase in the rate of obesity, metabolic diseases like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been on the rise in Vietnam. NASH is characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the liver, leading to inflammation and potential fibrosis. Pegozafermin, a fibroblast growth factor 21, has the potential to enhance fat catabolism. A recent study aimed to investigate whether pegozafermin's metabolic effects could be harnessed for the treatment of NASH.
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Treating solid tumors with KRAS G12C mutation by using Divarasib
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 18th, 2023
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Previous studies had shown that 12% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 4% of colorectal cancer cases possess a glycine-to-cysteine mutation at the 12th amino acid of the KRAS protein. These cases of cancer are frequently treated with anti-tumor agents like Sotorasib and Adagrasib; however, their efficacy is suboptimal. Thus, amore potent KRAS G12C inhibitor is needed. Recently, a study published their findings on the effectiveness and safety of Divarasib in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Comparison of the effectiveness between tenofovir alafenamide vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for hepatitis B virus infection after 96-week treatment regimen
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Reviewed & translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A
Edited by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on August 28th, 2023
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Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) was a new form of tenofovir which was developed to treat patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection at a lower dose than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Studies have shown that TAF are delivered to hepatocytes more efficiently. However, the improvement of the renal and bone safety of TAF and TDF was unknown. Thus, a study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection.
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Treating chronic Hepatitis D infection with bulevirtide, a bile-acid transporter inhibitor
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Thien Duc Le |
Posted on August 2nd, 2023
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To enter and infect hepatocytes, Hepatitis D viruses (HDV) must use the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Thus, a person can be infected with both Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis D viruses. This co-infection increases the risk of cirrhosis and carcinoma. It is possible to suppress HBV proliferation, but there is currently no approved treatment for HDV. Besides HBsAg, HDV can use the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) to enter liver cells. Thus, Bulevirtide, an inhibitor of NTCP, was tested for its potential clinical benefit in treating Hepatitis D infection.
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Using mirikizumab, a monoclonal antibody that can inhibit interleukin-23, to treat ulcerative colitis
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Thien Duc Le |
Posted on July 31st, 2023
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Due to its pro-inflammatory effect in ulcerative colitis, many therapeutic agents that inhibit IL-23 have been tested and approved to be used in the United States. IL-23 can be divided into two subunits: the p40 and p19 subunits. Previous phase 2 clinical trial study had shown Mirikizumab, an antibody that can target the p19 subunit of IL-23, can be a promising treatment. Thus, the pharmaceutical company, Eli Lilly, had sponsored a phase 3 clinical trial to assess the effectiveness and safety of Mirikizumab in treating ulcerative colitis.
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Managing Crohn’s disease with the Jak-inhibitor, Upadacitinib
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on July 3rd, 2023
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Many immune cells utilize the JAK-STAT pathway to induce a pro-inflammatory reaction; thus, inhibition of these proteins can reduce the severity of Crohn’s disease. Upadacitinib is a Jak inhibitor that had previously been approved to manage atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, a study had been conducted to assess the efficacy of upadacitinib in treating Crohn’s disease
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Combining trifluridine, tipiracil with bevacizumab to treat refractory metastatic colorectal cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 31st, 2023
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After first diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer, the patients will generally be treated with a wide variety of chemotherapy. However, disease still progressed in some of the patients; these cases are considered to be refractory. The combination of trifluridine and tipiracil had been proven to be an useful tool for treating metastatic colorectal cancer. Bevacizumab, a VEGF inhibitor, is another therapy that has clear clinical benefits in slowing down disease progression. Thus, a study was performed to assess the effectiveness of combining bevacizumab with trifluridine and tipiracil in treating refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Using vedolizumab monoclonal antibody to treat chronic pouchitis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on April 10th, 2023
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In some patients with ulcerative colitis, the condition can be treated with a restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA). However, many of them develop chronic pouchitis after the procedure. Vedolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that can bind to the α4β7 integrin and reduce inflammation in the GI tract. Thus, a study, funded by Takeda, was conducted to investigate if vedolizumab can be used to treat chronic pouchitis.
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Using delay-released linaclotide (MD-7246) to manage irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on January 27th, 2023
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A previous phase 3 clinical trial had shown that linaclotide can alleviate abdominal discomfort in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation. The agent acts on the guanylate cyclase-C on intestinal epithelial cells to increase fluid secretion. The delayed-release formulation 2 of linaclotide (MD-7246) was designed to act in the distal region of the ileocaecal junction and cecum, and a recent study had investigated its effectiveness in treating IBS with diarrhea.
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The effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib in treating ulcerative colitis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on January 25th, 2023
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Tofacitinib is an oral Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor that interferes with the STAT activation needed for pro-inflammatory cytokine production. After the positive results from the OCTAVE clinical trial, the agent was approved to manage ulcerative colitis. However, the observation period of the initial trial was too short, and it lacked generalizability. Thus, a recent study was conducted to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of Tofacitinib.
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Gastrointestinal complication is associated with more severe COVID-19 infection in children
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 26th, 2022
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Due to tropism of SARS-CoV-2 receptors, the virus can only enter host cells that express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Besides the respiratory tract, these host cell’s proteins can be found on enterocytes; this cellular mechanism can explain why virus particles can be shed with feces, and gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations had been reported in COVID-19 cases. However, the frequency of these GI symptoms is unknown. A study had reported on the prevalence of gastrointestinal problems in children diagnosed with COVID-19
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Vonoprazan can be suitable replacement for lansoprazole in treating erosive esophagitis
Topic: GASTROINTESTINAL
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 24th, 2022
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Proton pump inhibitors (PPI), such as lansoprazole, are the gold standard therapy for erosive esophagitis; however, prior study had reported a failure rate range between 5% and 20% that increased to 30% with those with severe esophagitis. Thus, alternative therapies should be used for these patients; potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) is a possible substitute. With a longer half life and a wider spectrum of action, PCAB can be an effective treatment. A multi-site study had compared the efficacy between lansoprazole and a PCAB in the form of vonoprazan.
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Combining ezetimibe with statin in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Topic: GASTROINTESTINAL
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on October 12th, 2022
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Highly potent statin, such as rosuvastatin, is the first-line therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, these powerful statins, especially in high doses, carry with them a battery of side effects. Thus, it is essential to find complementary agents with minimal collateral effect to substitute for high-dose statin. A study conducted by physicians and scientists at Yonsei University had reported on the potential of adding ezetimibe to the current therapy.
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Comparing keverprazan to the current standard of care for treating erosive esophagitis
Topic: GASTROINTESTINAL
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 19th, 2022
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Proton pump inhibitors (PPI), such as lansoprazole, are usually prescribed to manage erosive esophagitis by increasing the pH of the gastric environment. However, the effectiveness of PPI is heavily dependent on which of the CYP2C19 polymorphic states that the patient possesses. A recent study looked at whether keverprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker that can suppress gastric acid production independently on the CYP2C19 liver enzyme, is as effective as the current standard of care.
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Liver function abnormalities in during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Topic: COVID-19, GASTROINTESTINAL
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on September 14th, 2022
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Previous studies had reported that those infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience abnormal abnormal liver function tests (A-LFT). However, it is uncertain if the problem resolved itself after viral clearance or if hepatological function disruption is a hallmark of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. A recent article published in the Journal of Viral Hepatitis had reported their finding on the matter.
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Azithromycin is ineffective in treating or aiding with the recovery of children with acute diarrhea
Topic: GASTROINTESTINAL
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 31st, 2022
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Annually, approximately half a million children lose their lives to acute diarrhea, and this burden of disease is heavily borne by South Asian and sub-Saharan African nations. Beside rotavirus, most of the cases are caused by bacteria such as Shigella, Campylobacter, and E. coli. A multinational study reported on the effect of Azithromycin usage in treating acute watery diarrhea in low and middle income countries.
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