Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Usage during Infancy and the Risk of Eczema and Bronchiolitis
|
Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on April 1st, 2026
|
|
Eczema and bronchiolitis are common atopic conditions that have become more prevalent in developing countries, which have imposed a significant public health burden to these nations. A couple of previous observational studies had found that usage of paracetamol during infancy can increase the risk of eczema and other atopic disease. However, these studies are less concrete due to their design, so a randomized control study was conducted to better understand the risk of eczema in infants who were treated with paracetamol.
|
Mediterranean Diet as an Interventional Therapy for Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
|
Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on March 16th, 2026
|
|
The Mediterranean diet, characterized by high intake of olive oil, nuts, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with reduced consumption of red meat and dairy products, has been associated with improved weight control, better cardiovascular outcomes, and reduced systemic inflammation. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder driven by immune dysregulation. A recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association examined whether the anti-inflammatory properties of the Mediterranean diet could be leveraged as a therapeutic strategy for psoriasis.
|
Treating Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Cenerimod
Topic: ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 7th, 2026
|
|
Previous study had found that the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor is essential for the migration and function of immune cells. There had been successful attempts in regulating this target to manage autoimmune disease such as multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis. With funding from Amgen, a study was conducted to explore the usage of cenerimod to treat systemic lupus erythematosus.
|
Long Term Effectiveness of Anifrolumab in Managing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Topic: ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 5th, 2026
|
|
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease in which B-cells generate antibodies targeting protein endogenous to the host. Previous studies had found anifrolumab can reduce disease severity and inflammation by blocking the type I interferon signaling pathway. A long-term study on the effectiveness of anifrolumab, sponsored by AstraZeneca, had recently published its findings in the Lancet.
|
Addition of Golimumab to Methotrexate/Corticosteroids to Manage Psoriatic Arthritis
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on December 22nd, 2025
|
|
Patients with a history of skin psoriasis had a higher risk of developing psoriatic arthritis in the future. The current standard treatment regimen is a combination of corticosteroid, methotrexate, and biologic drug inhibiting the inflammatory pathway. Due to the higher cost of the biologic agents, it is frequently unavailable in developing countries. With funding from Janssen, a study was conducted to investigate the clinical effect of golimumab in treating psoriatic arthritis.
|
Oral Interleukin-23 Inhibitor, Icotrokinra, to Manage Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on December 1st, 2025
|
|
Plaque psoriasis is an inflammatory skin condition driven by an overactive immune response. Treatments that target pro-inflammatory pathways-such as interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-17, IL-23, and TNFα-have been effective, but most require injectable administration. The need for regular clinic visits can reduce adherence, while existing oral treatments tend to be less effective. To address this gap, a Johnson & Johnson–funded study evaluated the oral agent icotrokinra for the treatment of plaque psoriasis.
|
Using 0.03% Roflumilast Foam to Treat Plaque Psoriasis Affecting the Scalp
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 7th, 2025
|
|
Treating plaque psoriasis affecting the scalp is challenging because the presence of hair can interfere with the application of topical agents in the form of ointment or cream. However, newer delivery methods such as foam might be more effective and suitable with hair care practice. With funding from Arcutis Biotherapeutics, a study was conducted to assess the usage of roflumilast foam to manage plaque psoriasis.
|
Treating Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis with Ivarmacitinib
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on November 5th, 2025
|
|
The inflammation and itching characteristic of atopic dermatitis are driven primarily by the cytokines IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31. Current therapies target these cytokines or their downstream signaling proteins, such as the Janus kinase (JAK) family; however, their efficacy remains limited and adverse effects are common. To address these challenges, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals funded a study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ivarmacitinib, a selective JAK inhibitor, for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
|
Blocking Cytokine Promoting B-Lymphocyte Activity with Telitacicept to Manage Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Topic: ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
|
Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on October 31st, 2025
|
|
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease driven by B-lymphocyte. There are many available therapies for the condition; however, their effectiveness and safety profile are not optimal. Cytokines such as B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and APRIL are important for the pathogenesis of lupus. With funding from RemeGen, a study was conducted to assess the usage of Telitacicept, an cytokine-targeting agent, in managing lupus.
|
Investigate the Cardiovascular Effects of Interleukin-17 Inhibitors
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 29th, 2025
|
|
Previous research suggested a possible link between interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitor use in psoriasis and an increased risk of major cardiovascular events, potentially due to the role of IL-17 in collagen production. By lowering IL-17 levels, therapies targeting T-helper 17 cells may destabilize atherosclerotic plaques, increasing the risk of vascular blockage. To investigate this further, a study was funded by the French Society of Dermatology to examine the cardiovascular safety of IL-17 inhibitors.
|
Vedolizumab for Preventing Post-Surgical Recurrence in Crohn’s Disease
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 26th, 2025
|
|
Despite successful surgical resection, many patients with Crohn’s disease relapse within the first year, and no medical therapy is currently approved to prevent recurrence following surgery. Vedolizumab, already approved for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, has been investigated for its potential use in this setting through a study funded by Takeda.
|
Methotrexate vs. Prednisone as the First Line Treatment for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
|
Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on August 6th, 2025
|
|
Prednisone is the first-line therapy to treat the inflammation associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis. However, this treatment is recommended based on dated and low quality studies. Additionally, prolonged prednisone usage is associated with significant side effects. Recently, a study funded by the Dutch Lung Foundation was conducted to evaluate the replacement of prednisone with methotrexate in treating pulmonary sarcoidosis.
|
Combining Albuterol and Budesonide to Prevent Asthma Exacerbation
|
Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on July 28th, 2025
|
|
Short-acting β2-agonist, such as albuterol. is frequently used to prevent and treat asthma exacerbation. However, its lack of immunomodulation property limits its effectiveness. Therefore, combining albuterol and an inhaled glucocorticoids like budesonide increases the efficacy beyond monotherapy. A study funded by AstraZeneca was conducted to analyze the combination of albuterol and budesonide to prevent exacerbation in mild asthma.
|
Combining JAK-Inhibitor Baricitinib and Narrow Band UV-B Phototherapy to Treat Vitiligo
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on July 18th, 2025
|
|
Vitiligo is a skin depigmentation disorder caused by melanocyte destruction by immune cells. The condition is traditionally treated with UV-B phototherapy. However, since this process is mediated by both interferon alpha produced by dendritic cells and interleukin-13 from type 2 T-cell response. Medications that interfere with this pathway, like ruxolitinib and baricitinib, can be used to manage the condition. With funding from Eli Lilly, a study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of baricitinib and UV-B phototherapy in treating vitiligo.
|
Anti-CD19 Inebilizumab in Managing Myasthenia Gravis
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on July 7th, 2025
|
|
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which B cells produce antibodies targeting the acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction. The disease can be managed by anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid and cholinesterase inhibitors to increase the signal duration at the neuromuscular junction. Targeting the B-cells producing autoantibody is another option with rituximab targeting the CD20 marker on B-cells. Inebilizumab is another viable option that targets another marker on B-cells. Amgen had sponsored a study to evaluate its effectiveness in managing myasthenia gravis.
|
Tolebrutinib and Teriflunomide Yield Similar Outcomes in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 9th, 2025
|
|
Current therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) primarily aim to control the inflammation that leads to white matter lesions. Among the more than 20 approved treatments, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies have proven effective in reducing lesion formation and preventing relapses. However, these therapies have shown limited success in halting the progression of disability. To explore alternative approaches, Sanofi sponsored a series of studies to evaluate the effectiveness of tolebrutinib in preventing relapses in patients with MS.
|
Anti-IL-5 Therapy, Mepolizumab, Shows Promise in COPD Management
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 28th, 2025
|
|
Eosinophilic inflammation plays a significant role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with interleukin-5 (IL-5) driving eosinophil maturation and activation. To evaluate a targeted approach, GlaxoSmithKline sponsored a study examining the efficacy of mepolizumab—an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody—in managing COPD.
|
Tamuzimod, an S1PR1 Inhibitor, Shows Promise in Reducing Ulcerative Colitis Symptoms
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 23rd, 2025
|
|
Chronic inflammation of the colonic epithelium underlies ulcerative colitis, a condition that can significantly impair quality of life and elevate the long-term risk of colorectal cancer. While various treatments are available, many fall short in preventing disease relapse or carry undesirable side effects. To explore new therapeutic options, a study funded by Ventyx Biosciences evaluated the potential of tamuzimod for managing ulcerative colitis.
|
B-Cell Depletion With Obinutuzumab & Standard Therapy in Lupus Nephritis
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 12th, 2025
|
|
Lupus nephritis is a severe autoimmune condition in which the immune system produces antibodies that mistakenly target kidney cells, impairing their filtration function. Although new therapies such as belimumab and voclosporin have recently been approved by regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe, these treatments have shown limitations in clinical outcomes. Consequently, there remains an urgent need for alternative therapeutic options. With funding from Roche, a study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab in the treatment of lupus nephritis.
|
Tezepelumab Shows Promise in Reducing Nasal Polyps and Symptoms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 28th, 2025
|
|
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is typically managed with glucocorticoids and biologic therapies targeting various components of the type 2 inflammatory pathway. However, current treatments are not universally effective, highlighting the need for therapies that act through alternative mechanisms. To address this gap, AstraZeneca sponsored a study to evaluate the efficacy of tezepelumab in treating this condition.
|
Treating Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria by Blocking Histamine Release with Remibrutinib
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 14th, 2025
|
|
Chronic spontaneous urticaria is an allergic condition marked by unpredictable itching and hives, with no identifiable trigger. This allergic reaction results from mast cell degranulation. While second-generation H1 antihistamines are the most commonly prescribed treatment, up to 75% of patients may not respond even at maximum doses. Novartis sponsored a study to evaluate the effectiveness of remibrutinib, a BTK inhibitor, in managing urticaria.
|
High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation to Manage and Prevent Multiple Sclerosis
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 11th, 2025
|
|
In patients with multiple sclerosis, low levels of vitamin D are linked to an increased risk of relapse, a greater disease burden, and more brain lesions. Vitamin D modulates the immune system by reducing lymphocyte differentiation and limiting the migration of immune cells across the blood-brain barrier. Based on this hypothesis, a study funded by the French Ministry of Health was conducted to assess the potential of vitamin D in managing multiple sclerosis and preventing relapses.
|
Managing Itching and Lesions in Patients with Prurigo Nodularis with Nemolizumab
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 31st, 2025
|
|
Prurigo nodularis is an inflammatory skin disorder driven by interleukin-31, characterized by severe itching that leads to scratching, which can result in bleeding and sleep disturbances. Funded by Galderma, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of nemolizumab, an IL-31 receptor antagonist, in managing prurigo nodularis.
|
Managing Ulcerative Colitis by Blocking S1PR1 with Tamuzimod
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 7th, 2025
|
|
Ulcerative colitis is an autoimmune condition where immune cells induce excessive inflammation in the large intestine. These cells are guided to the inflamed tissue by a sphingosine 1-phosphate gradient. While inhibiting this pathway has shown efficacy in treating multiple sclerosis, unselective inhibition can lead to a higher incidence of adverse events. Tamuzimod, a more targeted inhibitor, was recently evaluated in a Lancet study for its potential to manage ulcerative colitis.
|
Assessing the Combination of Oral Baricitinib and UV-B Phototherapy in Managing Vitiligo
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 17th, 2025
|
|
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder in which CD8-positive T-cells attack the pigment-producing melanocytes in the epidermis, resulting in patches of milky-white skin. This process is influenced by interferon-gamma and interleukin-13, and can be managed using therapies that target the Janus kinase (JAK) proteins involved in signal transduction. A study funded by Eli Lilly investigated the potential benefits of combining oral baricitinib, a JAK inhibitor, with UV-B phototherapy for vitiligo management.
|
Managing Severe Eosinophilic Asthma with Depemokimab, an Interleukin-5 Inhibitor
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 27th, 2025
|
|
The cytokine interleukin-5 plays an important role in exacerbating asthma by promoting the growth and activation of eosinophils. Antibodies, such as mepolizumab, that inhibit the IL-5 signaling pathway have been proven to be effective at reducing asthma severity and glucocorticoids dependency. Depemokimab is a novel ultra-long-acting antibody with a higher affinity for IL-5, which effectiveness in managing asthma has been assessed by a study funded by GlaxoSmithKline.
|
Efficacy of Tulisokibart in Managing Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis
|
Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on November 4th, 2024
|
|
Recent studies on the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis has found that human tumor necrosis factor–like cytokine 1A (TL1A) plays an important role in exacerbating the condition. The cytokine can interact with DR3 receptors on helper T cells to amplify type 1 and type 17 inflammation. Tulisokibart is an antibody that can bind to TL1A, and Merck had recently sponsored a study to assess its ability to manage ulcerative colitis.
|
Oral TYK2 Inhibitor Zasocitinib Shows Promising Efficacy in Plaque Psoriasis
|
Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on September 13th, 2024
|
|
Psoriasis is an inflammatory condition primarily driven by interleukin 17 and T-helper 17 cells. While there are several effective treatments targeting these pathways, the options for oral administration are limited. Zasocitinib is an orally bioavailable agent that inhibits TYK2, a key component of the intracellular signaling pathway in immune cells, by interfering with JAK protein transduction. A study, sponsored by Nimbus Discovery and Takeda, was conducted to investigate the efficacy of zasocitinib in managing plaque psoriasis.
|
Comparing the Effectiveness of Risankizumab and Ustekinumab in Managing Crohn’s Disease
|
Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on August 30th, 2024
|
|
Due to the toxic effects and only moderate effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy, alternative treatments like risankizumab and ustekinumab are often used for Crohn’s disease. Both of these monoclonal antibodies target interleukin 23 (IL-23), though in different ways: risankizumab specifically targets the p19 subunit of IL-23, while ustekinumab binds to the p40 subunit, which is shared by both interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-23, thereby reducing levels of both cytokines. To compare the efficacy of risankizumab and ustekinumab in managing Crohn’s disease, a study was conducted with funding by AbbVie.
|
The Effect of Anti-Interleukin-5 Benralizumab on Eosinophilic Esophagitis
|
Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on August 23rd, 2024
|
|
Eosinophilic esophagitis, an inflammatory condition driven by Th2 cells, can be treated with proton pump inhibitors, glucocorticoids, and monoclonal antibodies targeting associated cells and signaling pathways. Interleukin 5 plays a key role in eosinophil activation, making its receptor a potential therapeutic target. Benralizumab, which targets IL-5 receptors, may help alleviate the condition. To explore this potential, AstraZeneca sponsored a study to evaluate the effectiveness of benralizumab in managing eosinophilic esophagitis.
|
Managing Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis with Dupilumab
|
Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on August 21st, 2024
|
|
Eosinophilic esophagitis is an inflammatory condition driven by type 2 Helper T-cells and its associated cytokines such as Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13. In children, the inflammation can lead to fibrosis and stricture that can result in dysphagia and impact development. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that can be used to treat asthma and atopic dermatitis by blocking the signaling pathway of IL-4 and IL-13. As a result, Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals had sponsored a study to assess the effect of dupilumab in managing eosinophilic esophagitis in pediatric patients.
|
Managing Type 2 Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder with Dupilumab
|
Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on August 12th, 2024
|
|
The current standard treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder include glucocorticoids, long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and long-acting beta agonist (LABA). In certain cases, disease extraction exacerbation happens even when the maximum dose of the two standard therapy has been administered. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that can dampen type 2 inflammation by interfering with the interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 pathways. Because COPD is driven by type 2 inflammation, Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals had sponsored a study to assess the effectiveness of dupilumab in managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder.
|
Felzartamab's Potential in Reducing Antibody-Mediated Kidney Allograft Rejection
|
Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on August 9th, 2024
|
|
Currently, no approved treatment exists for antibody-mediated rejection of kidney allografts. CD38, a glycoprotein abundantly expressed on plasma cells and natural killer cells, presents a promising therapeutic target. Inhibiting CD38 can neutralize these immune cells and reduce inflammation. Felzartamab, an antibody targeting CD38, was studied in a trial sponsored by MorphoSys to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing the risk of kidney allograft rejection.
|
Comparing Baricitinib to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor in Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis
|
Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on August 5th, 2024
|
|
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors and Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors are commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis; however, TNF inhibitors are often preferred due to their greater availability and lower cost. Consequently, the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology endorses the use of TNFi before considering JAK inhibitors. Despite this, JAK inhibitors like baricitinib offer clinical advantages, including a shorter half-life and more convenient administration. To explore these benefits, Eli Lilly sponsored a study comparing baricitinib to TNF inhibitors in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
|
Possibility of Using Epicutaneous Immunotherapy to Induce Tolerance in Children and adolescent Affected with Cow’s Milk Allergy
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 7th, 2024
|
|
Despite the major reduction in the quality of life of those who are affected by cow’s milk allergy, there are currently no approved biological interventions besides avoidance. Epicutaneous exposure with the allergen had been tested as a management tool for peanut allergy. An article, recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, had investigated the usage of epicutaneous immunotherapy containing milk allergen to manage cow’s milk allergy in children and adolescents.
|
Assessing Guselkumab Efficacy in Treating Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on May 8th, 2024
|
|
Pityriasis rubra pilaris is a rare inflammatory condition that shares similar immunological pathways with psoriasis such as interleukin-23 overexpression and T-helper 17 activation. Psoriasis can be treated with guselkumab, an antibody that can bind to IL-23p19, and the pharmaceutical company Janssen had sponsored a study to assess its efficacy to treat pityriasis rubra pilaris.
|
Assessing Omalizumab Efficacy in Treating Multiple Food Allergies
Topic: ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on April 10th, 2024
|
|
Food allergy is a common condition that affects individuals of all ages, with many of them having allergies to multiple types of food. Currently, only peanut allergy is treatable with oral immunotherapy but it is associated with many adverse events and cannot address multiple types of food allergies. Omalizumab is an antibody that can neutralize IgE and has been approved for treating allergic asthma and urticaria. Thus, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases had funded a study to assess the usage of Omalizumab in treating multiple food allergies.
|
Assessing the Efficacy of Frexalimab in Managing Multiple Sclerosis
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 29th, 2024
|
|
The interaction between CD40 and CD40L plays a pivotal role in immune system activation. In individuals with multiple sclerosis, elevated CD40L expression fosters a robust T-lymphocyte response, contributing to disease progression. Consequently, Frexalimab, an antibody designed to bind to CD40L and impede this interaction, holds promise in mitigating disease severity. A recent study evaluating the efficacy of Frexalimab in managing multiple sclerosis has been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
|
Novel oral IL-23 Receptor Antagonist Shows Promise in Plaque Psoriasis Treatment
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 27th, 2024
|
|
Psoriasis arises from an inflammatory reaction orchestrated by interleukin-23 (IL-23), prompting current treatments to focus on this cytokine. However, many existing therapies targeting IL-23 are biologics necessitating intravenous or subcutaneous administration, posing inconvenience. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of JNJ-77242113, a novel IL-23 receptor antagonist that can be taken orally, in treating plaque psoriasis.
|
IgA Nephropathy Treatment with Sibeprenlimab
|
Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on February 23rd, 2024
|
|
IgA nephropathy stands as the predominant cause of glomerulonephritis. Kidney impairment arises from the formation of immune complexes, orchestrated by autoantibodies that target galactose-deficient IgA antibodies. To explore treatment avenues, a study investigated the efficacy of Sibeprenlimab in IgA nephropathy management by inhibiting APRIL, a crucial protein involved in regulating B-cell immune response.
|
Extending Teplizumab treatment duration to delay progression of type 1 Diabetes
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 24th, 2024
|
|
Type 1 diabetes manifests through an autoimmune attack on pancreatic beta cells responsible for insulin production. Thus, attenuating this immune response could potentially postpone the onset of diabetes. Teplizumab, an antibody capable of binding to CD3 T-cells and inhibiting their response, has received approval from the Food and Drug Administration for short-course treatment in type 1 diabetes. Consequently, the biopharmaceutical company Sanofi sponsored a study to explore the possibility of extending the treatment duration with Teplizumab for additional delays in the progression of type 1 diabetes.
|
Assessing Barticinib role in mitigate autoimmune response and preserve insulin-producing beta cells in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 19th, 2024
|
|
Individuals afflicted by Type 1 diabetes necessitate insulin supplementation due to their pancreas' incapacity to generate adequate insulin. Studies indicate that safeguarding the residual insulin-producing beta cells can mitigate the severity of the disease. Baricitinib, a JAK inhibitor, has the potential to impede the destructive behavior of autoreactive CD8 T-cells. Consequently, a study aimed to evaluate Baricitinib's capability in impeding autoreactive responses and conserving insulin-producing beta cells.
|
Investigating the effectiveness of Nemolizumab, an IL-33 inhibitor, to treat prurigo nodularis
|
Reviewed & Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on November 22nd, 2023
|
|
Prurigo nodularis, a persistent skin condition influenced by type 2 and type 17 helper T-cells (Th2 and Th17), has seen success with Dupilumab as an initial treatment, given its capacity to hinder IL-4 and IL-17 signaling. Since IL-33, a cytokine released by Th2 cells, is another prospective therapeutic target, a study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Nemolizumab, an inhibitor of IL-33, in managing prurigo nodularis.
|
Comparing Esketamine and Quetiapine in Treating Treatment-Resistant Depression
|
Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on October 25th, 2023
|
|
Polymyalgia rheumatica, an autoimmune disease primarily affecting individuals over 50 years old, has its root in inflammation triggered by interleukin-6 (IL-6). Current treatment relies on glucocorticoids like prednisone and immunosuppressants such as methotrexate, but these approaches come with side effects and do not offer lasting remission. To address this, a study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Sarilumab, an antibody capable of binding to IL-6 receptors, in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica.
|
The clinical effect of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel CAR T-cells in treating Large B-Cell Lymphoma
|
Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on August 16th, 2023
|
|
High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT) is the first-line treatment for large B-cell lymphoma. However, only half of all patients are eligible for this treatment approach. And for those who are treated with HDT-ASCT, the cured rate is only 20%. For patients who cannot receive this treatment, the median survival time is only 4.4 months. Axicabtagene ciloleucel, is a novel therapy option that had shown promising results in early trials, so a study was performed to assess its potential usage to treat large B-cell lymphoma.
|
Pirtobrutinib, a novel BTK inhibitors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
|
Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Thien Duc Le |
Posted on August 7th, 2023
|
|
BTK inhibitors such as ibrutinib, and zanubrutinib are safe and effective treatments for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, resistance can be acquired in the form of C481 mutation. Thus, venetoclax can be used for these cases; however, its usage required careful dose-escalation in an inpatient setting. Recently, Pirtobrutinib, a new BTK inhibitor, has been assessed to see if it can be utilized to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and the result from the investigation has been published onto the New England Journal of Medicine.
|
Treating chronic Hepatitis D infection with bulevirtide, a bile-acid transporter inhibitor
|
Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Thien Duc Le |
Posted on August 2nd, 2023
|
|
To enter and infect hepatocytes, Hepatitis D viruses (HDV) must use the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Thus, a person can be infected with both Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis D viruses. This co-infection increases the risk of cirrhosis and carcinoma. It is possible to suppress HBV proliferation, but there is currently no approved treatment for HDV. Besides HBsAg, HDV can use the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) to enter liver cells. Thus, Bulevirtide, an inhibitor of NTCP, was tested for its potential clinical benefit in treating Hepatitis D infection.
|
Using mirikizumab, a monoclonal antibody that can inhibit interleukin-23, to treat ulcerative colitis
|
Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Thien Duc Le |
Posted on July 31st, 2023
|
|
Due to its pro-inflammatory effect in ulcerative colitis, many therapeutic agents that inhibit IL-23 have been tested and approved to be used in the United States. IL-23 can be divided into two subunits: the p40 and p19 subunits. Previous phase 2 clinical trial study had shown Mirikizumab, an antibody that can target the p19 subunit of IL-23, can be a promising treatment. Thus, the pharmaceutical company, Eli Lilly, had sponsored a phase 3 clinical trial to assess the effectiveness and safety of Mirikizumab in treating ulcerative colitis.
|
Managing Crohn’s disease with the Jak-inhibitor, Upadacitinib
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on July 3rd, 2023
|
|
Many immune cells utilize the JAK-STAT pathway to induce a pro-inflammatory reaction; thus, inhibition of these proteins can reduce the severity of Crohn’s disease. Upadacitinib is a Jak inhibitor that had previously been approved to manage atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, a study had been conducted to assess the efficacy of upadacitinib in treating Crohn’s disease
|
Treating rheumatoid arthritis with the monoclonal antibody peresolimab
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on June 19th, 2023
|
|
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by an unregulated inflammatory response against tissues in the joints. Thus, rheumatoid arthritis can be managed by inhibiting these autoimmune cells. PD-1 is a receptor expressed by many lymphocytes; its activation would inhibit the cell’s activation. Thus, the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly, had sponsored a study to investigate the usage of peresolimab, an antibody that can stimulate PD-1, to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
|
Reducing the severity of anaphylaxis reaction to peanut in children by desensitization with epicutaneous immunotherapy
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on June 7th, 2023
|
|
Managing peanut allergy in the pediatric population can be challenging because the affected children are less capable in avoiding the allergen. In the worst case scenario, the child can undergo a lethal anaphylaxis reaction. Thus, a study has been performed to assess whether exposure to a small dose of peanut allergen can desensitize an allergic child and alleviate the disease burden.
|
The effectiveness of intranasal corticosteroids in treating chronic rhinosinusitis and its effect on the microbiome
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on May 24th, 2023
|
|
To alleviate the consistent inflammation caused by chronic sinusitis, intranasal corticosteroids are administered. However, there is little evidence about the efficacy in the pediatric population. Plus, the effect of intranasal corticosteroids on the nasal microbiome is unknown. A study, recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, had investigated how the effect intranasal corticosteroids has on the quality of life of children with chronic sinusitis.
|
Preventing obstetrical hemorrhage after cesarean delivery with tranexamic acid
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on May 8th, 2023
|
|
Erythrodermic atopic dermatitis (AD) is a more severe subtype in which more than 90% of the body surface area of the patient is marked with erythema and pruritus. Topical corticosteroids are commonly used as a treatment but application to the entire body is not practical. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that can block the proinflammatory effect of the IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine, and a study examining its effect on erythrodermic atopic dermatitis had recently been published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
|
Using vedolizumab monoclonal antibody to treat chronic pouchitis
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on April 10th, 2023
|
|
In some patients with ulcerative colitis, the condition can be treated with a restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA). However, many of them develop chronic pouchitis after the procedure. Vedolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that can bind to the α4β7 integrin and reduce inflammation in the GI tract. Thus, a study, funded by Takeda, was conducted to investigate if vedolizumab can be used to treat chronic pouchitis.
|
Combining Lebrikizumab and Topical Corticosteroids to Treat Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Duc Thien Le |
Posted on March 24th, 2023
|
|
Atopic dermatitis is currently being treated with topical corticosteroids to varying degrees of effectiveness. The disease severity is inversely correlated with the level of Interleukin-13 production. Lebrikizumab is an antibody that can bind to and neutralize the proinflammatory Interleukin-13. Thus, a study, with funding from the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly, was conducted to assess the effectiveness using lebrikizumab to treat atopic dermatitis.
|
Upadacitinib vs. Dupilumab in treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on November 2nd, 2022
|
|
Atopic dermatitis is majorly driven by the pro-inflammatory signal transduced by Interleukin-4. Thus, dupilumab, an antibody targeting IL-4 receptors has been used to treat the condition; however, only half of them achieve skin clearance after 16 weeks of usage. Thus, upadacitinib, a small molecule JAK inhibitor, can be a better alternative due to its broader spectrum of activity. Upadacitinib had already been approved for usage to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis; thus, a comparative study was conducted, and its result had been published in the Journal of the American Medical Association - Dermatology.
|
Emollient usage to prevent atopic dermatitis in neonates
Topic: ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY, DERMATOLOGY
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on October 5th, 2022
|
|
As Vietnam is undergoing an epidemiological transition, we can see an increase in childhood allergic condition frequency alongside the drop in communicable disease. Thus, it is essential to increase our understanding about the best treatment for these conditions. A recent study had reported the efficacy of early-life emollient usage on preventing atopic dermatitis.
|
The effectiveness of Albuterol–Budesonide combination rescue inhaler in asthma management
Topic: ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on September 7th, 2022
|
|
Albuterol, also known as Salbutamol, is a short-acting inhaled beta2-agonist bronchodilator (SABA) that is commonly used to relieve an asthma attack. In addition, the Global Initiative for Asthma recommends a daily usage of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) such as budesonide. A recent phase-3 randomized controlled trial conducted by Alberto Papi, M.D. and Bradley E. Chipps, M.D. assess the effectiveness of relief usage with albuterol alone or in combination with a varying dosage of budesonide in preventing severe asthma exacerbation.
|
Comparing the effectiveness of Ublituximab against Teriflunomide in treating multiple sclerosis
Topic: ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on September 5th, 2022
|
|
Multiple sclerosis is characterized by the immune system attacking healthy myelin sheath insulating neurons. Since B cells’ activity is essential to the process of autoimmunity, many monoclonal antibodies targeting B-cells have been approved as treatment. Ublituximab, an antibody that binds to CD20 expressed on B-cell, is being assessed for its efficacy against an approved treatment - Teriflunomide - in this paper.
|
The effectiveness of Litifilimab in treating cutaneous lupus erythematosus
TOPIC: ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY, DERMATOLOGY
|
Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
|
Posted on August 10th, 2022
|
|
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the host healthy keratinocyte. These damages are mediated by the cytopathic effect of cytotoxic T-cell and pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Previous studies had found that there is a dose-response relationship between the severity of CLE and the degree of type I Interferon expression by pDC. A recent phase 2 clinical trial found that Litifilimab was effective at reducing skin disease activity.
|