Assessing the Efficacy of Frexalimab in Managing Multiple Sclerosis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 29th, 2024
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The interaction between CD40 and CD40L plays a pivotal role in immune system activation. In individuals with multiple sclerosis, elevated CD40L expression fosters a robust T-lymphocyte response, contributing to disease progression. Consequently, Frexalimab, an antibody designed to bind to CD40L and impede this interaction, holds promise in mitigating disease severity. A recent study evaluating the efficacy of Frexalimab in managing multiple sclerosis has been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Novel oral IL-23 Receptor Antagonist Shows Promise in Plaque Psoriasis Treatment
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 27th, 2024
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Psoriasis arises from an inflammatory reaction orchestrated by interleukin-23 (IL-23), prompting current treatments to focus on this cytokine. However, many existing therapies targeting IL-23 are biologics necessitating intravenous or subcutaneous administration, posing inconvenience. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of JNJ-77242113, a novel IL-23 receptor antagonist that can be taken orally, in treating plaque psoriasis.
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Effectiveness of Resmetirom in Treating Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 25th, 2024
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As Vietnam experiences economic development, the incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cases is on the rise. However, there is currently no approved treatment for this condition. Resmetirom is a novel agent that activates the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR-β) in the liver, thereby reactivating the crucial process of fatty acid β-oxidation to mitigate the risk of fibrosis. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Resmetirom in treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Assessing the Impact of Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination on Offspring Neurodevelopment
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 22nd, 2024
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Pregnancy poses intricate biological challenges for both the mother and the fetus, prompting careful scrutiny of any biological intervention. As a result, COVID-19 vaccines have undergone rigorous testing to ascertain their safety for pregnancy and subsequent child development. A study investigating the impact of maternal COVID-19 vaccination on offspring neurodevelopment has been published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Optimal Antiseptic for Preoperative Skin Preparation in Orthopedic Surgeries
Topic: ORTHOPEDIC
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 20th, 2024
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There exists uncertainty regarding the optimal antiseptic for preoperative skin preparation in orthopedic surgeries aimed at correcting fractures. Commonly utilized agents include alcohol, chlorhexidine, and iodophor. However, variations among facilities exist in terms of concentrations, compositions, and solution types of these antiseptic agents. Consequently, a study was undertaken to ascertain the most effective antiseptic for preventing surgical site infections.
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The Efficacy of Butantan–Dengue Vaccine in Preventing Dengue Fever
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 18th, 2024
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To prevent dengue, there are currently 2 approved live-attenuated vaccines: Dengvaxia and Qdenga. The usage of Dengvaxia is limited to endemic regions to prevent severe infection in individuals with inadequate immunity. While Qgenda has high effectiveness, it is required to be administered in a series of 2 doses. Thus, a study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Butantan–Dengue, a single dose vaccine, to prevent dengue fever.
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Comparing Donor Milk and Preterm Formula Effects on Neurodevelopment in Preterm Infants
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 15th, 2024
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Preterm infants face elevated risks of sepsis, enterocolitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, conditions that may contribute to neurodevelopmental issues. Maternal milk has been associated with mitigating these risks and promoting typical neurodevelopment. Consequently, a study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of donor milk versus preterm formula on the neurodevelopment of preterm infants.
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Assessing Azithromycin Distribution in Routine Healthcare Visits for Infant Mortality Reduction
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 13th, 2024
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The World Health Organization advocates for the biannual mass distribution of azithromycin to infants under 1 year old residing in regions with elevated child mortality rates. These widespread health interventions have demonstrated a 25% reduction in mortality risk. However, implementing such large-scale programs necessitates extensive logistical coordination. Consequently, a study was conducted to evaluate whether administering azithromycin during routine visits could yield comparable outcomes.
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Testosterone Treatment and Fracture Risk in Hypogonadal Men
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 11th, 2024
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Male hypogonadism, in the form of testicular or pituitary dysfunction, is linked to decreased bone density. Previous research indicated that testosterone therapy could potentially reverse this bone loss. However, the earlier study had limitations in duration and sample size. Therefore, a clinical study was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of testosterone in preventing fractures among men with hypogonadism.
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Effectiveness of Lower-Dose Calcium Supplementation in Preventing Hypertension in Pregnant Women
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 8th, 2024
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High blood pressure during pregnancy poses risks to both maternal and fetal health. Since 2011, the World Health Organization has advised calcium supplementation ranging from 1500 mg to 2000 mg to lower the risk of pre-eclampsia. However, the high dosage presents cost constraints and challenges with adherence, particularly in resource-limited settings. Therefore, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funded a study to evaluate the efficacy of a reduced calcium dose in preventing hypertension during pregnancy.
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Assessing Acoramidis Efficacy in Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on March 6th, 2024
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Transthyretin (TTR) is a crucial transport hormone that functions in a tetramer arrangement. Mutations can lead to the dissociation of the monomer from the tetramer, resulting in its deposition in the myocardium and causing transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. A study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Acoramidis, a TTR stabilizer with a high binding affinity, in treating transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy.
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Repotrecitinib in ROS1 Fusion-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 4th, 2024
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Mutation in the ROS1 receptor, a crucial tyrosine kinase, accounts for 2% of all non-small-cell lung cancer cases. Currently, Crizotinib and Entrecitinib are the two ROS1 inhibitors in use. However, resistance to these inhibitors has emerged in half of all cases, and their limited activity within the brain reduces their efficacy in metastatic scenarios. Repotrecitinib, a novel small molecule ROS1 antagonist, represents a next-generation option capable of penetrating the brain easily and overcoming steric hindrance—a common resistance mechanism. A recent study has published its findings on the efficacy of Repotrecitinib in treating ROS1 fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Comparing Apixaban and Aspirin in Managing Ischemic Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on March 1st, 2024
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Because of the irregular blood flow in individuals with atrial fibrillation, there is an elevated risk of ischemic stroke. Consequently, patients with AFib often receive Vitamin K antagonists and anticoagulants to mitigate the risk of blood clot formation. Earlier research indicated that Apixaban is more effective than aspirin in reducing the incidence of pulmonary embolism and stroke without elevating the risk of hemorrhage. Therefore, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research initiated a study to assess the potential of apixaban in managing the risk of ischemic stroke among patients with atrial fibrillation.
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Examining the Impact of Household Air Pollution on Child Growth
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 28th, 2024
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It has been hypothesized that exposure to indoor air pollution in households may contribute to growth impairment in children. The precise mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear, but it is plausible that pollutants trigger heightened oxidative stress and lead to a state of mild immunosuppression, necessitating increased energy expenditure. In low and middle-income countries, young children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of indoor air pollutants due to the significant amount of time spent at home, especially in households where biomass fuels such as coal and wood are used for heating and cooking. Consequently, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funded a study to investigate whether adopting a less polluted energy source like liquefied petroleum gas could mitigate the risk of growth impairment.
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The Impact of Liquefied Petroleum Gas vs. Biomass Stove Use on Infant Respiratory Health
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 26th, 2024
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Exposure to household pollutants contributes to 30% of pediatric pneumonia-related mortality. Prior observational research has linked exposure to particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers to an elevated risk of pneumonia. Burning biomass, including wood and charcoal, generates these harmful substances. Given that many households in low and middle-income countries rely on biomass for cooking fuel, a study was undertaken to compare the respiratory effects of using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) versus biomass.
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IgA Nephropathy Treatment with Sibeprenlimab
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 23rd, 2024
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IgA nephropathy stands as the predominant cause of glomerulonephritis. Kidney impairment arises from the formation of immune complexes, orchestrated by autoantibodies that target galactose-deficient IgA antibodies. To explore treatment avenues, a study investigated the efficacy of Sibeprenlimab in IgA nephropathy management by inhibiting APRIL, a crucial protein involved in regulating B-cell immune response.
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Comparative Efficacy of Sparsentan and Irbesartan in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Management
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on February 21st, 2024
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Water retention regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) heightens the susceptibility to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The administration of an agent capable of inhibiting the RAAS system has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating the proteinuria linked to renal impairment. Consequently, a study was undertaken to assess the comparative effectiveness of Sparsentan, an endothelin-angiotensin receptor antagonist, and Irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, in the management of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
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Effectiveness of Nirsevimab in preventing Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection in healthy infants
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 19th, 2024
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Nirsevimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the pre-fusion form of the F-protein on the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It has gained recent approval for use in the United States and the European Union for treating lower respiratory infections caused by RSV in children. Given its extended half-life, a study has explored the potential of Nirsevimab in preventing RSV infection among healthy children.
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Evaluating dual antiplatelet therapy of aspirin and clopidogrel in post-ischemic stroke patients
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 16th, 2024
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Following a transient ischemic stroke, 10% of patients experience a recurrent stroke within 90 days. Aspirin, known for its antiplatelet properties, is a common management therapy. To explore potential compounding benefits, a study investigated the effectiveness of dual therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel.
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Post-exposure doxycycline to prevent sexually transmitted infection in women
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 14th, 2024
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Women bear a disproportionate burden of severe consequences from sexually transmitted infections compared to men or transgender women. With the rising incidence of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, there has been a renewed focus on refining preventive measures. Consequently, a study was undertaken to explore the potential benefits of post-exposure doxycycline.
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Prophylactic oropharyngeal surfactant with continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 12th, 2024
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Preterm infants face an increased risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome due to their underdeveloped lung status. The conventional management approach, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), yields suboptimal outcomes in neonates. Given their deficient surfactant levels—a crucial blend of phospholipids and proteins preventing alveolar collapse—intubation becomes necessary for surfactant administration. Nevertheless, neonatal endotracheal intubation is linked to various adverse effects. Consequently, a study investigates the potential enhancement of respiratory outcomes through the prophylactic administration of oropharyngeal surfactant before applying CPAP.
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Evaluating the Efficacy of Topical PF-07038124 in Managing Atopic Dermatitis and Plaque Psoriasis
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 9th, 2024
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Currently, corticosteroid ointments are the topical treatment of choice for atopic dermatitis and plaque psoriasis. However, this approach is linked to significant systemic adverse events. The underlying immune response in these conditions is driven by cytokines from type 2 Helper T-cells, including IL-4, IL-13, TNF-alpha, and others. Consequently, a study was undertaken to explore the potential of PF-07038124, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor capable of disrupting intracellular signal amplification, in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and plaque psoriasis.
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Long-Term Tirzepatide Treatment Significantly Reduces Body Weight in Participants with Obesity
Topic: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 7th, 2024
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Tirzepatide, widely used for diabetes management owing to its insulin-boosting capabilities, has demonstrated a tendency for weight loss in individuals undergoing treatment. Thus, a recent study, featured in the Journal of the American Medical Association, had looked into the impact of Tirzepatide's long-term use on weight management
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Using Tebentafusp to treat metastatic uveal melanoma
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 5th, 2024
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Uveal melanoma, a rare form of skin cancer impacting the eyes, presents a distinct challenge compared to cutaneous melanoma. Once metastasis occurs, the prognosis is notably grim, with a median survival rate of approximately one year. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, commonly effective in cutaneous melanoma, prove ineffective in addressing uveal melanoma. Consequently, a study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Tebentafusp, a bispecific fusion receptor designed to enhance the neutralization of uveal melanoma cells enriched with gp100 by T-cells.
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Comparative Effectiveness of Recombinant FluBlok Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on February 2nd, 2024
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The conventional influenza vaccine is typically manufactured using chicken eggs, leading to potential mutations in the hemagglutinin antigen and mismatches between the vaccine and circulating viruses. Sanofi's FluBlok Quadrivalent Influenza vaccine employs a recombinant process that eliminates the need for chicken eggs, thereby reducing the likelihood of mutation-related mismatches. The findings of a study evaluating the vaccine effectiveness of the recombinant FluBlok Quadrivalent Influenza vaccine (RIV4) have recently been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Effectiveness of mRNA-1345 vaccine in preventing RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 31st, 2024
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The existing vaccines designed to protect against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) leverage the pre-fusion glycoprotein F (preF) as the primary antigen, demonstrating their efficacy. Moderna, a pharmaceutical company, has recently employed mRNA technology, previously utilized for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, to generate RSV protein. The results of a study evaluating the effectiveness of an RSV preF mRNA vaccine have been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Cardiometabolic benefits and risks of Semaglutide usage in overweight and obese adults without diabetes
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 29th, 2024
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Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), is commonly employed in diabetes management owing to its capacity to stimulate insulin production. Prior research has indicated that the use of GLP-1 diminishes the likelihood of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. A recently published study in the New England Journal of Medicine seeks to evaluate whether the protective effects observed with Semaglutide in diabetes patients extend to overweight and obese individuals without diabetes.
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Treating epithelial ovarian cancer by targeting folate receptor alpha with Mirvetuximab Soravtansine-gynx
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 26th, 2024
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Epithelial ovarian cancer stands as the most lethal gynecologic neoplasm, with platinum-based chemotherapy demonstrating proven efficacy. However, in instances of relapse, these tumors develop resistance to platinum-based treatments. Notably, these tumors exhibit an abnormally elevated expression of folate receptor alpha (FRa). Addressing this, Mirvetuximab Soravtansine-gynx, an antibody specifically targeting FRa and conjugated to maytansinoid DM4, which acts on the cell's tubulin, has emerged. A recent study, exploring the impact of Mirvetuximab Soravtansine-gynx on epithelial ovarian cancer, has published its findings in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Extending Teplizumab treatment duration to delay progression of type 1 Diabetes
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 24th, 2024
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Type 1 diabetes manifests through an autoimmune attack on pancreatic beta cells responsible for insulin production. Thus, attenuating this immune response could potentially postpone the onset of diabetes. Teplizumab, an antibody capable of binding to CD3 T-cells and inhibiting their response, has received approval from the Food and Drug Administration for short-course treatment in type 1 diabetes. Consequently, the biopharmaceutical company Sanofi sponsored a study to explore the possibility of extending the treatment duration with Teplizumab for additional delays in the progression of type 1 diabetes.
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Combining Sotarasib and Panitumumab for Colorectal Cancer with KRAS G12C Mutation
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 22nd, 2024
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In every 100 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, approximately 3 to 4 individuals exhibit a glycine-to-cysteine mutation at amino acid #12 of the KRAS protein. This specific genetic alteration is correlated with a dismal prognosis and a limited response to conventional therapeutic approaches. While Sotarasib, an inhibitor targeting the mutated KRAS, has demonstrated efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer, its effectiveness has been hindered in colorectal cancer due to the development of resistance, notably through the reactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Consequently, a study, supported by Amgen funding, was undertaken to evaluate the impact of combining Sotarasib with Panitumumab, an EGFR inhibitor, in the treatment of colorectal cancer harboring the mutated KRAS G12C.
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Assessing Barticinib role in mitigate autoimmune response and preserve insulin-producing beta cells in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 19th, 2024
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Individuals afflicted by Type 1 diabetes necessitate insulin supplementation due to their pancreas' incapacity to generate adequate insulin. Studies indicate that safeguarding the residual insulin-producing beta cells can mitigate the severity of the disease. Baricitinib, a JAK inhibitor, has the potential to impede the destructive behavior of autoreactive CD8 T-cells. Consequently, a study aimed to evaluate Baricitinib's capability in impeding autoreactive responses and conserving insulin-producing beta cells.
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Assessing the impact of Erdafitinib, a FGFR inhibitor, on metastatic urothelial cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 17th, 2024
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Patients diagnosed with metastatic urothelial cancer are presently undergoing treatment involving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, the eligibility criteria for this therapy are quite stringent, and its efficacy in managing the disease is limited. Additionally, second-line treatments utilizing PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors have proven ineffective. Hence, there's a pressing need for new interventions. Given that approximately one-fifth of these patients possess a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an FGFR inhibitor called Erdafitinib in addressing metastatic urothelial cancer.
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Examine the usage of short-course antibiotic therapy to treat pediatric urinary tract infection
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 15th, 2024
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Amid the escalating concern surrounding antimicrobial resistance, discussions have emerged regarding the utilization of short-course antibiotic regimens as opposed to longer ones, aiming to reduce undue selective pressure for resistant phenotypes. A recent study evaluating the effectiveness of short-course therapy for pediatric urinary tract infections has released its findings in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Examination of the effect of perinatal usage of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines on neonatal health
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 12th, 2024
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In pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2 infection poses risks to both the mother and the fetus. As a result, prioritizing vaccination for this group has been crucial. While earlier observational studies demonstrated vaccine safety for the fetus, they had limitations in the scope of outcomes examined. A recent article in the Journal of the American Medical Association aims to delve deeper into understanding the impact of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines on neonatal health.
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Treating non-small-cell lung cancer with a RET kinase inhibitor, Selpercatinib
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 10th, 2024
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For patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without mutation to the EGFR and ALK, the current standard therapy is a combination of pembrolizumab with a platinum-based drug and pemetrexed. However, little is known about its effect on NSCLC cases with mutation to the RET kinase. Selpercatinib is a highly selective RET kinase inhibitor, so a study was conducted to assess its effectiveness in treating non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Comparing the effectiveness of Selpercatinib to the standard therapy of Vandetanib or Cabozantinib in treating medullary thyroid cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on January 8th, 2024
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Medullary thyroid cancer is associated with the uncontrollable cell growth associated with mutation to the RET gene. The condition is currently being treated with either Vandetanib or Cabozantinib. These two agents can bind to and inactivate the RET kinase; however, they caused a lot of side effects and resistance against the agents had been reported. As a result, studies had been conducted to find a better treatment. A paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine had assessed the effectiveness of Selpercatinib, a highly-selective RET kinase inhibitor, in treating medullary thyroid cancer.
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