Daily Oral Orforglipron for Adults with Obesity
Topic: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Reviewed & translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A
Edited by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on September 29th, 2023
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Obesity is a high-risk disease and a precursor to several diseases relating to the cardiovascular system. Orforglipron is a glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist orforglipron that can reduce appetite. However, its efficacy and safety is unknown. Thus, a study was conducted to examine the effectiveness and safety of orforglipron for weight reduction in adults with obesity.
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Cannabis usage disorder can increase the risk of psychiatric disorders
Topic: PSYCHIATRY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 27th, 2023
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Cannabis usage and addiction had been linked to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. However, the association has not been well-characterized in the literature. This prospective cohort study was conducted in Denmark to examine the the relationship between cannabis use disorder to depression and bipolar disorder.
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Inflammation in the brain linked to COVID-19 may lead to depressive symptoms and hinder cognitive abilities
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 25th, 2023
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Previous studies had observed depression, cognitive impairment, and anhedonia to be post-COVID-19 sequelae; however, the exact mechanism behind this association is not known. Thus, a study, recently published to the Journal of the American Medical Association, had investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the brain, especially compartments that can be associated with mood disorder and mental faculty.
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Improving the cardiovascular well-being of individuals with HIV through the application of pitavastatin
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Reviewed by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A
Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on September 22nd, 2023
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Pitavastatin is used to reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels in blood, and it can promote cardiovascular health by enhancing the synthesis of good cholesterol (HDL). Individuals living chronic HIV infection had a higher risk of cardiovascular disease; the actual nature of this association is not known. Thus, researchers conducted a study to examine the possibility of using pitavastatin to prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with HIV infection.
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The possibility of using Atezolizumab to treat alveolar soft part sarcoma
Topic: ONCOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 20th, 2023
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Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma that has a 5-year survival rate between 20% and 46%. Since there was not any approved therapy for ASPS, a study was conducted to investigate the potential usage of Atezolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor that blocks programmed death ligand 1. Due to its promising result, Atezolizumab had been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for ASPS.
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Treating solid tumors with KRAS G12C mutation by using Divarasib
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 18th, 2023
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Previous studies had shown that 12% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 4% of colorectal cancer cases possess a glycine-to-cysteine mutation at the 12th amino acid of the KRAS protein. These cases of cancer are frequently treated with anti-tumor agents like Sotorasib and Adagrasib; however, their efficacy is suboptimal. Thus, amore potent KRAS G12C inhibitor is needed. Recently, a study published their findings on the effectiveness and safety of Divarasib in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Relieving postoperative pain using a novel NaV1.8 voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitor
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Reviewed by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A
Translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on September 15th, 2023
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NaV1.8 voltage-gated sodium channel is responsible for transmitting nociceptive signals in the peripheral nervous system. Previous studies have shown that VX-548 can selectively inhibit the NaV1.8 channel in vitro and reduce acute pain in vivo. Thus, researchers conducted a study to examine the effectiveness and safety of using oral VX-548 in patients who are experiencing postoperative acute pain.
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The effect of low-saturated fat, heart-healthy diet on cognitive decline and the risk of Alzheimer’s dementia
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 13th, 2023
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Although there have been many therapies approved to treat Alzheimer’s disease, there has been little progress in investigating the optimal prevention method. Since the Western high-fat diet had been associated with increased risk of many chronic diseases, and the Mediterranean diet had been shown to be beneficial, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary change on the risk of Alzheimer’s.
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Possibility of using Retatrutide, a new hormone receptor agonist, to treat obesity
Topic: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 8th, 2023
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Retatrutide is a new agent produced by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly that can act as an agonist to the glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. Thus, the agent can compete with these molecules for the receptor and block the signaling pathway that would lead to energy storage and fat accumulation. Information about the effectiveness and safety of Retatrutide had recently been published to the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Improving treatment adherence and glycemic control with weekly insulin injection
Topic: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 6th, 2023
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Daily injection of insulin is the current glycemic control strategy in patients living with diabetes; however, treatment adherence is low due to the high frequency. As a result, the effectiveness of daily insulin glargine U100 injection can be lowered. Thus, a study was conducted to assess the feasibility of an once-per-week injection of insulin icodec in controlling blood glucose level.
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NI006, a novel monoclonal antibody to treat transthyretin amyloidosis
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on September 04th, 2023
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Transthyretin is used as a transporter to traffick thyroxine and retinol to the liver via the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. However, when misfolded, transthyretin can deposit in the myocardium which causes stiffness. As more transthyretin accumulates, the amyloidosis can impair diastolic function which can lead to arrhythmia and fatal systolic dysfunction. Currently, Tafamidis is the only approved treatment for transthyretin amyloidosis that can effectively reduce the morbidity; however, Tafamidis does not prevent disease progression. A study had been conducted to investigate the possibility of using a novel agent called NI006 to treat transthyretin amyloidosis.
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Using novel RNA interference agent, Zilebesiran, to treat hypertension
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on August 30th, 2023
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Angiotensinogen, as a precursor of angiotensin, plays a key role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Zilebesiran is a novel RNA interference agent that can bind to hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors and inhibits synthesis of angiotensinogen in the liver. A study was sponsored by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals to assess the effectiveness and safety of Zilebesiran as a treatment for hypertension.
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Comparison of the effectiveness between tenofovir alafenamide vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for hepatitis B virus infection after 96-week treatment regimen
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Reviewed & translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A
Edited by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on August 28th, 2023
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Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) was a new form of tenofovir which was developed to treat patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection at a lower dose than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Studies have shown that TAF are delivered to hepatocytes more efficiently. However, the improvement of the renal and bone safety of TAF and TDF was unknown. Thus, a study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection.
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Immunization of expecting mothers to protect their children against Streptococcus group B infection
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Reviewed & translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A
Edited by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on August 23rd, 2023
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Many history studies showed that serotype-specific anti–capsular polysaccharide (CPS) IgG in newborns correlated with a reduced risk of group B streptococcal disease. A hexavalent CPS–cross-reactive material 197 glycoconjugate vaccine (GBS6) is being developed as a maternal vaccine to prevent invasive group B streptococcus in young infants. Thus, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of maternal GBS6 vaccine to prevent group B Streptococcus for infants.
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Reducing the type 2 inflammation underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder with dupilumab
Topic: RESPIRATORY
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on August 21st, 2023
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The pathophysiology behind chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) is driven by type 2 inflammation which is coordinated by cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that can bind to a receptor that is shared between IL-4 and IL-13. It was hypothesized that the interruption of dupilumab can reduce the intensity of inflammation and the severity of COPD.
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The clinical effect of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel CAR T-cells in treating Large B-Cell Lymphoma
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on August 16th, 2023
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High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT) is the first-line treatment for large B-cell lymphoma. However, only half of all patients are eligible for this treatment approach. And for those who are treated with HDT-ASCT, the cured rate is only 20%. For patients who cannot receive this treatment, the median survival time is only 4.4 months. Axicabtagene ciloleucel, is a novel therapy option that had shown promising results in early trials, so a study was performed to assess its potential usage to treat large B-cell lymphoma.
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Possibility of using tranexamic acid to reduce the risk of death due to hemorrhage
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on August 14th, 2023
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Following traumatic accidents, excessive loss of blood can lead to tissue damage and hemorrhagic shock. Thus, it is possible that preventing this blood loss before hospital admission can decrease the risk of death. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent that has been widely used to control hemorrhage. A study was conducted to assess the effect of prehospital tranexamic acid in preventing death after trauma.
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The effectiveness osimertinib in treating non-small-cell lung cancer
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on August 9th, 2023
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The current treatment regimen for non-small-cell lung cancer included a surgical resection of the tumor followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the latter long-term treatment had low efficacy in preventing recurrence and death, especially in patients with mutation to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Osimertinib is an agent that can bind to and inhibit both wild type and mutant EGFR. AstraZeneca had sponsored a study to assess the effectiveness of Osimertinib, and the finding had been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Pirtobrutinib, a novel BTK inhibitors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Thien Duc Le |
Posted on August 7th, 2023
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BTK inhibitors such as ibrutinib, and zanubrutinib are safe and effective treatments for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, resistance can be acquired in the form of C481 mutation. Thus, venetoclax can be used for these cases; however, its usage required careful dose-escalation in an inpatient setting. Recently, Pirtobrutinib, a new BTK inhibitor, has been assessed to see if it can be utilized to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and the result from the investigation has been published onto the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Treating chronic Hepatitis D infection with bulevirtide, a bile-acid transporter inhibitor
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Thien Duc Le |
Posted on August 2nd, 2023
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To enter and infect hepatocytes, Hepatitis D viruses (HDV) must use the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Thus, a person can be infected with both Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis D viruses. This co-infection increases the risk of cirrhosis and carcinoma. It is possible to suppress HBV proliferation, but there is currently no approved treatment for HDV. Besides HBsAg, HDV can use the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) to enter liver cells. Thus, Bulevirtide, an inhibitor of NTCP, was tested for its potential clinical benefit in treating Hepatitis D infection.
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Using mirikizumab, a monoclonal antibody that can inhibit interleukin-23, to treat ulcerative colitis
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Thien Duc Le |
Posted on July 31st, 2023
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Due to its pro-inflammatory effect in ulcerative colitis, many therapeutic agents that inhibit IL-23 have been tested and approved to be used in the United States. IL-23 can be divided into two subunits: the p40 and p19 subunits. Previous phase 2 clinical trial study had shown Mirikizumab, an antibody that can target the p19 subunit of IL-23, can be a promising treatment. Thus, the pharmaceutical company, Eli Lilly, had sponsored a phase 3 clinical trial to assess the effectiveness and safety of Mirikizumab in treating ulcerative colitis.
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Early versus late initiation of anticoagulation to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrilation
Topic: CARDIOLOGY
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Reviewed & by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by An Thien Duc Le |
Posted on July 26th, 2023
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It had been previously demonstrated that the usage of anticoagulants reduces the likelihood of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism in those who are experiencing atrial fibrillation. But there is currently no consensus on the timing of anticoagulant initiation. Late initiation can increase the risk of ischemic events, and early initiation can increase the risk of hemorrhage. Thus, a study was conducted to compare the effectiveness and safety between early and late initiation of anticoagulants.
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Investigating the effectiveness of the novel JYNNEOS vaccine in preventing monkeypox infection
Topic: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 24th, 2023
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In September 2022, the first case of monkeypox infection was reported in Vietnam. Worldwide, the number of cases have surpassed 100,000; thus, the development of preventive vaccines is the utmost priority. In 2019, the Food and Drug Administration in the United States had approved the usage of the JYNNEOS vaccine, and the Center of Disease Control and Prevention had sponsored a study to assess its effectiveness in preventing monkeypox.
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Treating major depressive disorder without psychotic features: subanesthetic ketamine versus electroconvulsive therapy
Topic: PSYCHIATRY
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 19th, 2023
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For nearly a century, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) had been the standard treatment for major depressive disorder. Despite its effectiveness, application of ECT is still limited due to social stigma, the need for anesthesia, and the elevated risk of cognitive impairment. In the recent decades, ketamine has also been used as an antidepressant treatment for patients without psychotic features. However, it is currently unknown if one treatment is inferior to the other; thus, a study has been conducted to compare the effectiveness in treating nonpsychotic major depressive disorder between ECT and ketamine.
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Using the anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone to treat chronic subdural hematoma instead of burr-hole craniostomy
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 17th, 2023
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Over the past decades, the prevalence of chronic subdural hematoma has been increasing in many developed nations. This can be explained by the aging of the population and the usage of anticoagulants to treat cardiovascular conditions. Burr-hole craniostomy is needed to drain the hematoma; this is an effective procedure but there is an increased risk of death. It is hypothesized that the inflammatory reaction exacerbates the hematoma by accumulating liquid and increasing clotting incidence. Thus, a study was conducted to investigate the potential usage of dexamethasone in treating chronic subdural hematoma.
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Early detection and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus
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Reviewed & translated by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
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Posted on July 12th, 2023
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Gestational diabetes is a commonly occurring complication and it can increase the risk of events that can negatively affect the health of both the mother and neonates. Mother had a higher risk of pre-eclampsia and the need of obstetrical intervention. The diabetes can also cause the fetus to grow larger than expected and increase the risk of shoulder dystocia and trauma. Screening and treatment are recommended at gestational week 24, which effectively lower the amount of adverse outcomes. So, a study was performed in Australia and New Zealand to investigate whether treatment at the 20th week can produce the same level of benefit.
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Dostarlimab, a novel immunotherapy for endometrial cancer
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on July 10th, 2023
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The combination chemotherapy of carboplatin and paclitaxel has been used as the first-line treatment for endometrial cancer, but their long-term outcomes are relatively poor. Dostarlimab is an monoclonal antibody that can target the PD-1 receptors that are highly expressed by certain subset of endometrial tumor cells. Thus, the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline had sponsored a study to assess the efficacy and safety of dostarlimab as a immunotherapy for endometrial cancer.
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Assessing the effectiveness of the Meningococcal ACWYX Conjugate Vaccine in children and young adults
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Reviewed & translated by An Duc Thien Le
Edited by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM. |
Posted on July 5th, 2023
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Among the six serogroups of meningococcal (A, B, C, W, X, Y), serogroup A was identified as the primary cause of the majority of cases. However, thanks to the extensive vaccination program involving the MenACWY-D vaccine, the impact of serogroup A was effectively controlled and managed. Recently, the incidence rate is rising again due to other serogroups especially serogroup X as it is not included in the current four quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate MenACWY-D vaccine. Thus, a study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness and safety of novel pentavalent meningococcal ACWYX conjugate vaccine (NmCV-5).
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Managing Crohn’s disease with the Jak-inhibitor, Upadacitinib
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Reviewed by Dat Tien Nguyen, B.A, ScM.
Translated by Nhi Phuong Quynh Le, B.A |
Posted on July 3rd, 2023
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Many immune cells utilize the JAK-STAT pathway to induce a pro-inflammatory reaction; thus, inhibition of these proteins can reduce the severity of Crohn’s disease. Upadacitinib is a Jak inhibitor that had previously been approved to manage atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, a study had been conducted to assess the efficacy of upadacitinib in treating Crohn’s disease
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